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Financial Crisis: Forms- Indicators- Models- and Financial Contagion Theoretical - Analytical Study of Asian Crisis
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اسهم تطور ادوات الاسواق المالية والتغيرات العالمية كالعولمة المالية وتحرير الاسواق المالية العالمية في احداث العديد من الازمات ومنها الازمة المالية الدولية التي تعد من اكثر الظواهر ملازمة للاسواق المالية على الرغم من التطورات التي تشهدها تلك الاسواق نتيجة تطور ادواتها المالية وانفتاحها على بعضها البعض. وتتعرض الاسواق المالية الدولية والناشئة  (Emerging Market) منها بشكل خاص الى العديد من الازمات المالية حيث تعرضت تلك الاسواق خلال القرن الماضي للعديد من الأزمات المالية التي أثر بعضها في مختلف قطاعات الدولة  التي امتد تأثيرها لأسواق مالية عالمية أخرى الامر الذي شكل تحديا للادارة المالية في مواجهة تلك الازمات المالية.

اتجهت أدبيات الفكر المالي إلى التركيز على تحليل الأزمات المالية في ضوء الظواهر الحديثة المرتبطة بها كالعدوى المالية (Financial Contagion)، ودور المؤسسات المالية مثل صندوق النقد الدولي ) IMF، International Monetary Funds) لتلافي المخاطر الكبيرة للازمات المالية من خلال التدخل الايجابي على وفق طبيعة كل أزمة مالية.

من ابرز الأزمات الدولية المعاصرة، أزمة أسواق جنوب شرق أسيا (1997) التي تعرضت لها أسواق مجموعة دول جنوب شرق أسيا، بعد أن اندلعت تلك الأزمة في سوق تايلند المالي لتنتقل بسرعة وبقوة إلى أسواق مالية مجاورة أخرى، والذي ميز تلك الأزمة عن غيرها هو النمو المتميز للأسواق المالية والاقتصادية لتلك الدول قبل حدوث الأزمة، أذ أطلق عليها النمور الأسيوية (Asian Tigers) الأمر الذي جعل إمكانية تعرضها لازمة مالية أمرا بعيد الاحتمال، وعندما ضربت تلك الأزمة أسواق المال في جنوب اسيا، أصبحت مسألة توقع حدوث أزمات مالية مفاجئة امرأ ليس بعيد الاحتمال بالرغم مما تمتلكه الأسواق المالية من مقومات أداء متميز.

تتناول الدراسة الحالية بعض النواحي الأساسية المتعلقة بالأزمات المالية الدولية، مع التركيز على أزمة أسواق جنوب أسيا بشكل خاص. وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في الجدل المعرفي حول الأطار المفاهيمي للأزمة المالية (Financial Crisis Concept)، والمفاهيم الأخرى ذات العلاقة، فضلا عن إمكانية أستجلاء التحليل لبعض نواحيها في الأسواق المالية لدول جنوب شرق آسيا (اندنوسيا، ماليزيا، الفلبين، تايلند، تايوان، وكوريا الجنوبية)  للفترة  (1998-1997)م.

بدأت الازمة الاسيوية عام 1997، ازمة في سوق العملات، وازمة سيولة مؤقتة، لكنها تحولت فيما بعد ذلك الى ازمة مالية واقتصادية ذات ابعاد سياسية خطيرة- الى حد كبير– بسبب السياسات غير المرنة لاسعار الصرف، وشركات مدينة اكثر من اللازم، وقطاع مصرفي ضعيف، وقروض كبيرة وقصيرة الاجل بالعملات الرئيسة للحكومات، ولوائح مصرفية واشرافية غير كافيتين بصفة عامة وضوابط مصرفية داخلية متراخية، وتقييم غير صارم للمخاطر الائتمانية والسوقية، وكان يعتقد بصفة عامة، ان الحكومات لن تسمح بفشل المصارف، وان الودائع مضمونة تماماً، كما ان قطاع التصدير الذي اعتمدت عليه هذه الدول لتحقيق معدلات عالية لنموها الاقتصادي قد تعرض لهزة كبيرة اضعفت قدرته التنافسية، وذلك عندما قامت الصين عام 1994 بتخفيض سعر صرف عملتها.

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Publication Date
Wed May 02 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
the population in Iraq up to 2035 an analytical study
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The population studies are one of the difficult tasks facing the world in all periods. most of the researchers and who have relationship to population policies and development plans, may have succumbed to the idea that the population problem is based and confined mainly in the rate of increase in population, or the so – called population explosion, and not the content because of its pressure on resources and there is no problem of population if the resources are available and therefore no need for the development and implementation of population policies in any way . While the population policies here should take a range of general and comprehensive in every respect to population and demographic phenomena distribution, not only

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 28 2023
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Digital Interactive Elements in The Twitter Platform: An Analytical Study
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The primary issue addressed in this research revolves around identifying the interactive elements provided by the Twitter platform and understanding their utilization by digital newspapers with official accounts. These newspapers broadcast content in line with their policies. This study is classified within descriptive research that employed a survey method and content analysis tool. The methodology relies on the "how was it said?" approach to categorize the analysis. The research yielded the following results:
Twitter utilized numerous interactive elements for disseminating tweets, which include "text, branching links, hashtags, digital images, digital videos, digital audio, and digital polls." However, thes

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 03 2021
Journal Name
Al-manhaj
Fundamentals of Financial Statistics- (Third Edition)
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This Book is intended to be a textbook studied for undergraduate course in financial statistics/ department of Financial Sciences and Banking. This book is designed to be used in semester system. To achieve the goals of the book, it is divided into the following chapters. Chapter one introduces basic concepts. Chapter two devotes to frequency distribution and data representation. Chapter three discusses central tendency measures (all types of means, mode, and median). Chapter four deals with dispersion Measures (standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variation). Chapter five concerned with correlation and regression analysis. While chapter six concerned with testing Hypotheses (One population mean test, Two "independent" populati

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of moral values in the tourism service ,An analytical study
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Business Ethics play a major role in explaining the behavior of those interested in the management of tourism enterprises in the field of management gains, which sometimes turn to manipulation in the specification of the service of tourism and influence in the technical characteristics at the expense of the brand and market share, as well as misleading beneficiaries about the fact that the performance of the service of tourism, may depend activities tourist dramatically when submitting and sharing various services on the types of mutual relations the framework for moral distinct, in interaction or direct contact between producers of tourism services and tourists or their beneficiaries, in order to provide comfort and recreation a

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 28 2026
Journal Name
Himalayan Journal Of Education
Pragmatic formatting of poetic discourse according to Al-A’sha: An analytical study.
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This practical research aims to study playfulness in Al- A'sha's poetry by analyzing the context and rhetorical interaction between the poetic text and the various sources and quotations it contains. The study relies on a theoretical framework derived from the sciences of playfulness to highlight how linguistic, social, and cultural context influences the construction of poetic meanings, and how rhetorical interaction plays a pivotal role in poetry's communication with the recipient and other texts. Through analyzing selected examples of Al-A'sha's poetry, it becomes clear that the poet was not merely a transmitter of words, but rather an active participant in a network of discursive exchanges with his cultural and literary heritage, borro

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 18 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Semiotics of Political Caricature in the Palestinian Newspapers An Analytical Study
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This study aims to study the political caricature and its indications in the Palestinian newspapers, to know its subjects, the active characters, the artistic styles, and the symbols the caricaturists use.

The study concluded that there is a variety of subjects that the political caricature handled in the studied newspapers and the degree of interest in every subject. The subjects related to the international subjects came first (% 24.5) and the other subjects came next (% 22.2).

The results showed the caricaturists relied on unnamed symbolic active characters that came first (% 62.3) and named symbolic characters (% 11.1). The positive characteristics of the Palestinian figures were higher than the negative ones, and the

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Demonstrators' slogans in Tahrir square (Analytical study of the communication message)
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The research entitled "The Slogans of Demonstrators at Al-Tahreer Square – analytical study for communicative letters" studies the slogans of demonstrators as a communicative means having many signs reflecting the political, social, cultural relations exist in the minds of people. It is so easy to understand its meaning, examining its goals; and explaining their meanings. For these reasons, we have chosen such a topic. Since the means of communications transfer letters between a sender and receiver, the importance of this research is that it is a researchable trial to acknowledge the issues behind the demonstrators' slogans and the different styles have been chosen by them for a whole year; the different sides of the demonstration sinc

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Total Quality Management and Its Role in the Development of Financial Performance "Reality and Obstacles" (Case Study on Diyala State Company)
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           This research aims to identify and measure the role of TQM in the process of developing  the financial  performance of  Diyala State Company and show the reality and obstacles, after applying the company's management to the requirements of ISO 9001: 2008 and compare it with its performance before applying this standard, The researcher measured the financial performance by conducting financial analysis of the financial statements and conducting a number of interviews at the company's headquarters, Diyala State Company (one of the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals formations) was sele

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
A THEORETICAL VISION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF MATCHING AND CONGRUENCE
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Perhaps the issue of media and the press, especially one of the most common topics that people deliberate and deal with permanently and continuously. An issue of such significance has pushed researchers to put the following question, “Is it possible to live without media?”, “Can people ignore the newspaper, radio, TV, or the other communication means?”

The answer is very simple. It is difficult for civilized society to overtake information, or dispense with circulation, at the individual or collective level. Yet, the question of how to make the media and how it determines its content still requires extensive media experience; and knowledge of the social structure and its relations; and ac

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 13 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Analyzing the net profitability of total investments using a constructed mathematical model: An applied research at Iraqi Middle East Bank for investment for the financial years 2008-2010
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The trading banks in Iraq invest their funds according to regulations imposed by the Central Bank in Iraq in different financial fields like stock exchanges, acquire stocks as assets that could be sold at any time as well as make loans and contributing in corporations establishment also magnitude foreign capital through direct contacts with foreign exchange markets.

We can summarize the problem of this paper as shortage in mathematical models that used in studying and analyzing these investments and according to this problem we used (a constructed mathematical model ) consists of three major indicators: profitability of total investment assets which is divided into three sub-indicators: owners equity risk indicator, debits risk i

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