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السياسة الضريبية المحلية في ظل العولمة ( مع إشارة خاصة لالسياسة الضريبية المحلية في ظل العولمة ( مع إشارة خاصة لبلدان جنوب شرق آسيا)بلدان جنوب شرق آسيا)
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تركت العولمة المتسارعة أثرا عميقا على مدى واسع من السياسات والتطبيقات الاقتصادية في كل من الدول النامية والمتقدمة على حد سواء, إذ نشأت الأنظمة الضريبية الحالية عندما نمّط كل بلد سياسته الضريبية بشكل تركز معه على متطلبات الاقتصاد المحلي, وعندما كانت تعقد المفاوضات بين الأمم المختلفة حول المعاملات الضريبية والاتفاقات الضريبية كانت تجري في إطار من هيمنة السياسة الضريبية المحلية.

لكن العولمة قد غيرت من هذا خاصة فيما يتعلق بمستوى الضرائب أو مزيج الضرائب
(الهيكل الضريبي) أو تصميم بعض أنواع الضرائب، وكذلك من حالة الإدارة الضريبية
وامتثال المكلف. وبدأت الأقطار تكشف قلقا متزايدا و حساسية متنامية للتغيرات الضريبية, التي بدأت تظهر من قبل الشركاء التجاريين أو المنافسين, وبدأ يضيق معها هامش الاستقلالية الذاتية التي تركز على السياسات الضريبية المحلية.

مما حدى ببعض الاقتصاديين (مثل vito tanzi    عام 2000) لاستخدام مصطلح النمل الأبيض المالي fiscal termites"  لوصف مدى تأثير التغيرات التكنولوجية والعولمة على الأنظمة الضريبية الوطنية.

ومن المتوقع أن يكون تبني الأنظمة الضريبية  للعولمة بطيئا فضلا عن كونه متقطعاً وغير مستقر, كذلك من الممكن إذا ما جابهت الإدارات الضريبية  تحديات في ادارة الضرائب الحالية, فقد يظهر نوع جديد من الضرائب مع ظهور تقنيات وفعاليات جديدة.

لذا يهدف هذا البحث لتحليل أهم آثار العولمة ونتائج التكامل المتعاظم في الاقتصاد العالمي على الأنظمة الضريبية في الدول النامية عموما، ودول جنوب شرق آسيا خصوصا.

وأنطلق البحث من فرضية مفادها, وجود علاقة عكسية بين درجة اندماج الدول النامية في ركب العولمة والحصيلة الضريبية المحلية في هذه الدول.

وتوخيا للهدف السابق جاءت هيكلية البحث في ثلاثة مباحث, كل مبحث تضمن مطلبين, تناول المبحث الأول منها حركة عناصر الانتاج وتوزيع العبء الضريبي عليها, أما المبحث الثاني فتناول المنافسة الضريبية وحركة الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر, وجاء المبحث الثالث لينصرف للاهتمام بثورة الاتصالات والابتكار الضريبي المطلوب, وصولا في الختام  للاستنتاجات والمقترحات.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) Gene Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Polymorphism Association in men Infertility in Erbil City /Kurdistan Iraq
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The interleukin-1 family has multifaceted roles in men٫s reproductive syste. Out  of these is interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) which exists in men gonads, and in case of infection and inflammatory process, its activity is increased.  The current study aims to verify a possible linkage of Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the IL-1RN gene with human men infertility. The study groups enrolled included 100 infertile men and 100 fertile and healthy men. Their seminal fluids were subjected to analysis. Also peripheral blood samples were collected for the assessment or detection of polymorphic Variable Number  Tandem Repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN). Two a

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Sat Jun 30 2018
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Inform the people of the Enlightenment including what was said in detail In photography For Mohammed Hashim bin Ahmed footy famous Balva Hashim (Tel: 1349 e)
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Inform the people of the Enlightenment including what was said in detail
In photography
For Mohammed Hashim bin Ahmed footy famous Balva Hashim (Tel: 1349 e)

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effectiveness of a teaching program based on the McCarthy Model (4MAT) in developing creative writing skills and reflective thinking among university students
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect on using the McCarthy Model (4MAT) for developing creative writing skills and reflective thinking among undergraduate students. The quasi-experimental approach was adopted. And, in order to achieve the study objective, the educational content of Teaching Ethics (Approach 401), for the plan for the primary grades teacher preparation program  was dealt with by using a teaching program based on the McCarthy Model (4MAT) was used.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
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الإبلاغ المالي عن المشتقات المالية بوصفها أدوات للتحوط من المخاطر السوقية وفقاً للمعايير المحاسبية الدولية: بالتطبيق في مصرف بغـداد
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The research has  focused on accounting for marketing risks faced by banks because they are exposed to a high level of risk as a result of their great utilization of financial instruments, which may make them liable to insolvency or bankruptcy and collapse, and accordingly to major economic crises. Therefore, banks are required to manage (reduce) risks so as to prevent them. As Iraqi banks don't manage these risks according to modern methodology of using derivatives, as well as lack of both the standard accounting system for banks and the Iraqi accounting criterion (standard) No. 10 to an obvious methodology for these risks identification, classification, hedging and disclosure, the researchers was prompted to concentrate

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Tue Dec 01 2020
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Association between Allelic Variations of -174G/C Polymorphism of Interleukin-6 Gene and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder in Iraqi Patients
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
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Thu Sep 01 2011
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Wed Jan 15 2020
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