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¬The Role of the European Union in Conflicts Resolution in the Eastern Neighborhood: Selected Models
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The launch of the EU’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 intended to signal a new, elevated level of EU engagement with its Eastern neighborhood. Yet there remain several long-simmering and potentially destabilizing conflicts in the region, with which EU engagement thus far has been sporadic at best. The Union’s use of its Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) in the region and to help solve these disputes has been particularly ad hoc and inconsistent, wracked by inter-institutional incoherence and undermined by Member States’ inability to agree on a broad strategic vision for engagement with the area.

The three CSDP missions deployed to the region thus far have all suffered from this incoherence to various extents. In particular, all three were tasked with long-term mandates far beyond their real capabilities, largely for symbolic reasons. This reflects a perception, common in Brussels even after the Treaty of Lisbon, that the EU’s instruments are either ‘political’, like the CSDP, or ‘technocratic’, like the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). Yet the CSDP’s role as political symbol has only made Member States reluctant to deploy it in such a politically-sensitive region, and this artificial and unrealistic distinction between the two types of policy instruments has hampered the EU’s ability to use its wide variety of tools in an effective, coherent and long-term way.

This paper argues that the creation of the European External Action Service (EEAS), as well as the relatively positive current climate of Eurasia relations, offer an unrivalled opportunity for the EU to reconsider its approach to using CSDP to help resolve the conflicts in its Eastern neighborhood. First, the EEAS must develop a set of concrete and politically realistic policy aims for each of the three major disputes in the region: in Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh and the two breakaway provinces of Georgia, South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The EEAS, together with the Directorate General for the ENP, should then plan together to use their various instruments in support of one another, rather than, as has too often been the case until now, merely brief one another on separate but parallel policies.

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Publication Date
Sun May 02 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Evaluating the level of performance according to the tax diagnosis TADAT: applied research in the General Tax Authority
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The aim of the research is to indicate the degree of arrangement of the tax branches discussed and the level of efficiency of their performance according to the dimensions approved in the tax diagnostic tool (TADAT). The checklist has been approved as a main tool in collecting data and information from the tax branches of the General Authority for Taxes and the number (8) branches represented by (Karrada , Karakh Center, Al-Rusafa, New Baghdad, Al-Dora, Karakh Al-Tafim, Al-Kadhimiya, Al-Bayaa),  The statistical program (spss) was used to calculate the weighted arithmetic media, and we reached the research to a number of conclusions, the most important of which were: - Each of the subsections (Karkh Al-Ahram and Karrada) achieved an

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Strategic Entrepreneur ship and its role in a marketing performance
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The current research aims through its chapters to verify the relationship and impact of strategic leadership as an independent variable in the marketing performance as a respondent variable, in a leap cement plant, and try to come up with a set of recommendations that contribute to enhancing the practice and adoption of the two variables in the organization under discussion. And based on the importance of the research topic to the community, and to the researched organization and its members, the analytical and analytical approach was adopted in the completion of this research, and the research community included a leap cement plant in Anbar Governorate, while the research sample was represented by (department heads, and people o

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimation of the demand function of ration card items in the light of IMF reforms
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The ration card system is a kind of support provided by the state to individuals through the provision of essential goods at subsidized prices during the period of war or crisis. For many years, the ration card was an essential source of food supplies to Iraqis, especially under the economic siege of the nineties, But after the events of 2003 and the passage of Iraq's political and economic changes required radical reforms in the ration card system according to the recipes of the International Monetary Fund. It was evident from the estimation of the demand function that the price did not have the greatest impact on this type of goods because the ration card items are subsidized by the government. There is also a

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 22 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of international Accounting Standard No (21) in reducing tax obstacles : applied research in the General Authority for Taxes .
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               The research aimed to shed light on the impact of international Accounting Standard No (21) on tax obstacles represented by (tax evasion, double taxation) The financial statements of a group of banks operating in the private sector were relied upon to know the impact of the standard on tax obstacles, as well as knowing the amount of amounts, The researcher relied on the method of financial analysis of that data, which was obtained from the website of the Securities Commission, and conducted personal interviews with a number of university professors, chartered accountants, financial experts, banks, and the General Authority for Taxes to benefit from their

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of brand identity in achieving marketing objectives Applied Study in the International Company for smart card "Key Card"
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Each organization has values ​​and objectives, tangible and intangible properties of its products. The reflection of properties on the brand constitutes the identity of the brand that contributes to building the customer's convictions about the products or services provided by any organization and its brand in a positive or negative way. This is reflected in purchasing behavior, which may push forward the progress towards marketing goals or deviation from them. Therefore, the current research came to identify the brand identity, its types and the factors affecting them and how they affect to achieve each of the marketing goals. At a time when

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 24 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
"The Relationship critical factors for knowledge transfer in strategic success opportunities"
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    The current research discusses "The Relationship critical factors for knowledge transfer in strategic success opportunities", the attention have been increased on knowledge transfer and strategic success subjects because on being one of the important and contemporary issues, which have a significant impact on the existence of organizations and its future. The research aims to identify the critical factors for knowledge transfer in private high education environment which enables (the college community surveyed) to achieve strategic success, also the research sought to answer questions related to research problem by testing a number of major and minor hypothes in correlation, in order to test the hypotheses I us

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
الأستاذ
Teaching-learning design according to constructivist theory models and its impact on the achievement of chemistry among second-year intermediate school female students
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Discretionary Punishment (Al-Ta'zir) for the Interest and its Effect in Keeping the Public Regulation A Fundamental Applied Study in the Saudi Arabian Courts
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Discretionary Punishment, Public Regulation, Interest

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of applying the target costing technique on rationalizing pricing decisions in economic units
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                The research aims to highlight the role played by the target costing technique as an administrative technique that is compatible with the rapid developments and changes in the external environment, with the information and scientific foundations it provides in the allocation of indirect costs and the accuracy in measuring the cost from the start of the project planning process up to the production process and indicating the extent of its impact on decisions Pricing in a way that contributes to the rationalization of pricing decisions in economic units in the light of intense competition and the multiplicity of alternatives.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 03 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The presidential system in Turkey between reality and challenges: a vision of the future
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The nature of the political system of any country in the international system must have an impact on the policy of the State, whether in the interior or exterior, both regional and international, Turkey is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, which have a place and effectiveness on the surrounding environment, hence the importance of research lies in its political system and the transfer of power in it and its transformation from the form of the parliamentary system to the presidential system of the repercussions of the task and mutual effects between Turkey and the countries of the surrounding region in terms of the extent of achieving political stability in the Turkish interior or not and how this can be refl

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