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jcopolicy-169
Fiscal federalism: a study of the concept and models
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يمثل الأخذ بالنظام الفيدرالي أطاراً تنظيمياً لشكل الدولة و مرحلة تحول مهمة في بنية الدولة العامة في مختلف مجالاتها، فالانتقال من المركزية في أدارة الشؤون العامة للدولة الى النمط الفيدرالي يمثل تحولا بنيوياً وسيكولوجياً ،حيث يكون هنالك توزيع مكاني - عمودي للسلطة والثروة بين الوحدات المكونة للدولة بشكل يختلف كليا عن الحالة المركزية، ونجد صور تنظيمية عديدة تتأسس ضمن اطار الفيدرالية العام ،مثل الفيدرالية السياسية والفيدرالية الاقتصادية والفيدرالية الاجتماعية والفيدرالية التربوية والفيدرالية الامنية والفيدرالية التعليمية والفيدرالية المالية، وهذه الأخيرة تعد من أبرز الصور كونها تعالج مجال مهم من مجالات الفيدرالية هو عملية توزيع وإدارة الجانب المالي بين الوحدات المكونة للجسد الفيدرالي العام، من هنا جاء هذا البحث ليقدم صورة عامة عن الفيدرالية المالية مع الاشارة الى مجموعة من النماذج الفيدرالية المالية المطبقة في بعض الدول الفيدرالية في العالم .

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 02 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Skull Stripping Based on the Segmentation Models
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Skull image separation is one of the initial procedures used to detect brain abnormalities. In an MRI image of the brain, this process involves distinguishing the tissue that makes up the brain from the tissue that does not make up the brain. Even for experienced radiologists, separating the brain from the skull is a difficult task, and the accuracy of the results can vary quite a little from one individual to the next. Therefore, skull stripping in brain magnetic resonance volume has become increasingly popular due to the requirement for a dependable, accurate, and thorough method for processing brain datasets. Furthermore, skull stripping must be performed accurately for neuroimaging diagnostic systems since neither non-brain tissues nor

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 02 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Skull Stripping Based on the Segmentation Models
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Skull image separation is one of the initial procedures used to detect brain abnormalities. In an MRI image of the brain, this process involves distinguishing the tissue that makes up the brain from the tissue that does not make up the brain. Even for experienced radiologists, separating the brain from the skull is a difficult task, and the accuracy of the results can vary quite a little from one individual to the next. Therefore, skull stripping in brain magnetic resonance volume has become increasingly popular due to the requirement for a dependable, accurate, and thorough method for processing brain datasets. Furthermore, skull stripping must be performed accurately for neuroimaging diagnostic systems since neither no

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2019
Journal Name
Revue Académique De La Recherche Juridique
Consent in Reality TV Program Contracts – A Legal Study in Light of the American Experience
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The development of the television industry has led to the emergence of a new type of entertainment program in which producers have abandoned stereotypes in traditional programs, known as (Reality TV show). This type of program has spread rapidly in America, (where there are more than 40 series of these programs), as well as Europe and more than twenty countries around the world, including the Arab countries, where the number of these programs today to about 1000 programs and the number is increasing , Especially with the readiness of the production networks to produce more of these programs for the huge profits they derive from them (because of the high viewing rates and the large number of ads broadcast through them) in return for low prod

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of MIS in the negotiation process "An Analytical Study in a Sample of Iraqi Organizations"
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Negotiation is considered as one of the most important kinds of communication in the contemporary organizations, which depend on the important role of managerial information systems in providing necessary and suitable information for success of the negotiation process.

Accordingly, this study aims at measuring the extent of the variables effect of managerial information system in the negotiation process.

To achieve this study, two hypotheses were chosen; the first is the correlation relation and the second is the effect, and statistical means represented by correlation coefficient "Spearman" and (R2) were used.

 A Number of conclusions were

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 23 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal For Electrical And Electronic Engineering
Heuristic and Meta-Heuristic Optimization Models for Task Scheduling in Cloud-Fog Systems: A Review
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Nowadays, cloud computing has attracted the attention of large companies due to its high potential, flexibility, and profitability in providing multi-sources of hardware and software to serve the connected users. Given the scale of modern data centers and the dynamic nature of their resource provisioning, we need effective scheduling techniques to manage these resources while satisfying both the cloud providers and cloud users goals. Task scheduling in cloud computing is considered as NP-hard problem which cannot be easily solved by classical optimization methods. Thus, both heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques have been utilized to provide optimal or near-optimal solutions within an acceptable time frame for such problems. In th

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Tagmemic Analysis of English and Arabic Praise Poetry: A Contrastive Study
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 This research provides a new method to study praise poetry that can be used as a course to teach English and Arabic to students in the College of Education. This research answers two questions:

  1. Is it possible to examine praise poetry as a tagmeme?
  2. Is this analysis of great help in teaching English and Arabic to students in the College of Education?

           The data that will be chosen for the purpose of analysis are two of Shakespeare's sonnets and two of AL Mulik's poems. The sonnets selected for this purpose are 17 and 18. AL Mulik's poems selected for the same purpose are 8 and 9.

   &nbs

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 03 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The Muslim Arab Self and the image of the other, religiously and culturally different: a critical analytical study of the causes and forms of political and social intolerance in Iraq
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This research aims to analyze the intellectual and civilizational regression that afflicted Iraqi and Arab society due to political and religious tyranny and internal conflicts, which was reflected in the deterioration of human rights values and the absence of equality and justice in dealing with the other religiously, which affected the reluctance of members of religious groups to interact with their national societies and then migrate to Outside, which contributed to a double loss, in terms of the loss of these societies by productive and effective national competencies, and in terms of distorting the image of Islam. The research stressed that the first treatments of this phenomenon are the consolidation of the values of citize

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Expropriation of foreign investments - a comparative study
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The right to property is one of the most prominent and most important of the fundamental rights that the individual enjoys, whether national or foreign, both of them have their own private property that may not be affected except for the requirements of the country's economic development or what is known as the public benefit, and the Iraqi legislator did not specify what is meant by the removal of foreign investment. Of the bilateral international agreements (BITS), as it determined its terms and methods, the properties of foreign investors may be expropriated in a direct and indirect way.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Managerial Skills and It`s Role in Strengthening the Competitive Edge of Companies: A Case Study in the General Company for Construction Industries
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This research tries to reveal how to manage and control the competitive edge for business by building managerial skills in various organizational levels. Our research aims at finding out the nature of various technical, human and in tellectual skills of a new president whose superiority is his competitive ness in the application field at general company for construe tioual  industriesand testing the surveyed minor and major changes through a questionnaire to collect information from officials. The sample was composed of (45) director. The data was analyzed  using some methods and statistical programs. The most prominent of these is (SPSS) that was used to extract the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient

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Publication Date
Fri May 15 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Verses of Monks in the Holy Quran Study and Analysis
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Tafsir, ‘interpretation’ is one of the most important sciences the Muslims need. Because Allah, Almighty, revealed the Qur’an to be a way of life for the Muslims in which the healing of what is in the chest, including their goodness and their peasant. Allah says:
“O people, an admonition has indeed come to you from your Lord and a healing for what is in the hearts; and a guidance and a mercy for the believers.”
In order to achieve the goal for which God revealed the Quran must be understood and managed verses:” This is a Book that We have revealed to you abounding in good, that they may ponder over its verses, and that those who have understanding may be mindful.”
The Prophet (PBUH) and his companions understood t

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