Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-853
Negation marker in Standard Persian : a typological analysis based on Givon’s functional model: عامل نفی در زبان فارسی معیار: بررسی رده‌شناختی براساس مدل نقش‌ گرایی گیون
...Show More Authors

 Abstract:

Typological analysis about  the negation marker  in different languages is one of the fields of research that has attracted much attention.  In Persian language, this constituent has been analysed from different aspects. This study aimed to analyse  different aspects of negation marker  in  the adjectives,  the noun phrases and  the verb phrases based on typological analysis.  Many studies have been revealed that  the negation in adjectives has shown lexically and morphologically. In the noun phrases, /hich/  has used as a negative marker necessarily marking the verb phrase as negative too. In the verb phrases, negation occurs morphologically by the addition of the prefix /na/(no) or its variations. In  the modal auxiliaries /khastan/ and /tawanestan/(can), aspectual auxiliary /budan/ (be) and lexicalized auxiliary /bayad/(must) negative marker occurs either before the auxiliary or before the main verb. Moreover, in the modal auxiliary /shodan/(will be)  and the lexicalized word /shayad/ (perhaps)  only the main verb is negated. However, aspectual auxiliary /dashtan/ (to have) has shown a different behavior in that its negative form and the negative form of the modal auxiliary become neutral. Negation filed in the  verb phrases and morphological negative adjectives is narrow and only a portion of negative proposition falls under the field of negation while negative field in the noun phrases is broad and includes the entire proposition.

Keywords: Typological analysis, negation marker  ,syntactic negation , emphatic negation, field  of negation

چکیده:

بررسی رده‌شناختی سازه نفی در زبان‌های گوناگون بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در زبان فارسی این سازه از بسیاری جهات قابل بررسی می‌باشد. این پژوهش کوشیده است با نگاهی رده‌شناختی به سازه نفی، جنبه‌های مختلف عامل نفی در صفات، گروه‌های اسمی و گروه‌های فعلی را بررسی کند. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند نفی در صفات به صورت ساخت‌واژی و واژگانی اتفاق می‌افتد. نفی در گروه‌های اسمی به کمک عامل منفی "هیچ" صورت می‌پذیرد که با منفی‌شدن اسم یا گروه اسمی، فعل نیز الزاما منفی می‌شود. در گروه‌های فعلی نفی به صورت ساختواژی با افزودن پیشوند "نـ" اتفاق می‌افتد. در فعل‌های معین وجه‌نمای "خواستن و توانستن"، فعل معین نمودنمای "بودن" و فعل معین واژگانی‌شده "باید" سازه منفی هم پیش از فعل معین قرار می‌گیرد هم پیش از فعل واژگانی. در فعل معین  وجه‌نمای "شدن" و فعل واژگانی‌شده "شاید"، تنها فعل واژگانی منفی می‌شود. فعل معین  نمودنمای "داشتن" رفتار متفاوتی از خود به نمایش می‌گذارد و تقابل صورت منفی این فعل نمودنما با صورت منفی وجه‌نمای آن خنثی می‌شود. سیطره عامل نفی در گروه‌های فعلی و صفات منفی ساخت‌واژی محدود بوده و تنها بخشی از گزاره را در بر می‌گیرد. در صورتی‌که سیطره نفی در گروه‌های اسمی گسترده و  دربرگیرنده همه گزاره است.

Received on 23/6/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Jul 03 2005
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
التوجهات الفكرية الجديدة لانظمة دول العالم الثالث في ظل النظام العالمي الجديد : العراق نموذجاً
...Show More Authors

التوجهات الفكرية الجديدة لانظمة دول العالم الثالث في ظل النظام العالمي الجديد : العراق نموذجاً

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
اثر التعلم التعاوني (جيكسو ) في دافعية طالبات قسم رياض الأطفال لتعلم مادة بايكولوجية الإنسان
...Show More Authors

The current study aims at investigating the effect of cooperative learning (Jigsaw) on motivation of female students. Department of kindergarten to learn Human biology. This is of be dove through verification of the hypothesis that there is no significant difference at the 0.05 level between the motivation of experiment of group subjects who study according to (Jigsaw) cooperative learning and that of the control group subjects who study traditionally.
The study is limited to female students al the first year-Department of kindergarten college of Education for women university of Baghdad during the academic year 2007-2008.
An experiment of design of partial control and post-test for two groups is used. The experiment groups consist

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Thu Dec 13 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
الطعام الطعام وآدابه في كتاب بهجة المجالس للامام ابن عبدالبر القرطبي (ت463) (دراسة اجتماعية )
...Show More Authors

That God Almighty coast with good things to eat and permitted smug, which did not like Muharram, and the Almighty said: Eat well and do good.

 The Prophet peace be upon him if making him some of his friends food and preen it on as it was their situation at the time and then called him an answer to that, and most people prefer to eat and drink on the other other sanctuary Kalmbus and the audio and others

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
ما خالف به الامامُ ابن السبكي الامامَ الامدي في تشنيف المسامع باب القياس انموذجا
...Show More Authors

The idea of ​​the research at first was to find out about the rare occurrence, which is the occurrence of a violation in the same madhhab and between two Shafi’i scholars such as Al-Amadi and Ibn Al-Subki. The scholarly had some brief and then moved on to the fundamentalist violations that occurred between them in the syllabus of the hearing within the chapter on analogy exclusively. The diffuse division (within the sounding and division) of the observer and the debates, or is it confined to the beholder without the debates, Imam Al-Amadi sees the inadmissibility of analogy with the reasons, while Imam Ibn Al-Subki argues that it is permissible, and Imam Al-Amdi sees that the widespread division is an argument for the observer (Muj

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Apr 28 2019
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
الظواهر الظواهر الاجتماعية في بغداد من خلال كتاب الظرف والظرفاء لابي الطيب الوشاء(ت320هـ)
...Show More Authors

 the study of social phenomena in this direction is, the sign of deviousness to the segments of the circumstance with their conditions and circumstances, then pointed to the uniforms that they were adorned by the tortillas as well as shirt Safaf from good linen soft and touched the country and the good and others.

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Wed Nov 02 2022
Journal Name
الترجمة والسانيات
دور المترجم في فهم النص الاصلي ودقة ترجمته لنصوص التوراة والانجيل الى لغة المستَقبِل
...Show More Authors

الملاخص

Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
مستوى التنمية المهنية لتدريسيي جامعة بغداد في ضوء مؤشرات الجودة الشاملة من وجهة نظرهم
...Show More Authors

The present study aimed to know The teaching members’ level of the professional development at the University of Baghdad based on the indicators of the overall quality from their perspective;

The researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach the in order to achieve the purposes of research, the researchers designed questionnaire researched and consisted of 40 paragraph has the questionnaire submitted to the arbitrators and experts were verify the authenticity of the questionnaire and stability have been applied questionnaire on a range of teaching and Tdriciat Baghdad University, which reached the study sample (400) teaching and teaching of six colleges in the University of Baghdad equivalent

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Apr 29 2019
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
التطور التطــــــور التـــاريخي للمحكـــمة الاتحادية العـــليا في العــراق وفــق التشـــريعــات القــانــونية الــتي تم اصــــدارهــــا
...Show More Authors

On the research that is marked by the historical development of the Supreme Federal Court in Iraq accordance with the issued legal legislations Research Submitted by Adel Amran Hamad Faculty Member, the college of Biotechnology

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Assessing the efficiency of the Economic performance of the general company for Vegetable oil Industry for the period (2003-2007)
...Show More Authors

The State company for vegetable oils industry one of the most dynamic

companies in the Iraqi economy and is one of the companies manufacturing(food) that takes astrategic dimension and production within the concept of food security, this as well as to reduce dependence on imports and operation of national manpower.This study aims to describe the performance of the State company for vegetable oils industry for the period (2003-2007) which was characterized by economic and security instability of the country and give an accurate picture of their efficiency and their capacity to produce during this Period.    

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
An Investigation of the Relationship between Writing Achievement and Writing Strategy Use by Secondary School Students
...Show More Authors

Basically, this study aims to identify the extent to which Iraqi secondary school students use writing strategies and how proficiency level and students gender could affect writing strategy use. The study also examines the relationship between writing achievement and writing strategy use among Iraqi secondary school students. For this purpose, 140 Iraqi secondary school students were selected randomly from six different schools. Petric and Czarl’s questionnaire (2003) was adopted in the study as an instrument to collect the needed data. A software of SPSS used to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that secondary school students appeared as low users of writing strategies; low proficient students do not show a sta

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF