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Politeness: A Socio- Pragmatic Study
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The most influential theory of ‘Politeness’ was formulated in 1978 and revised in 1987 by Brown and Levinson. ‘Politeness’, which represents the interlocutors’ desire to be pleasant to each other through a positive manner of addressing, was claimed to be a universal phenomenon. The gist of the theory is the intention to mitigate ‘Face’ threats carried by certain ‘Face’ threatening acts towards others.

            ‘Politeness Theory’ is based on the concept that interlocutors have ‘Face’ (i.e., self and public – image) which they consciously project, try to protect and to preserve. The theory holds that various politeness strategies are used to protect the ‘Face’ of others when addressing them.

            This theory proposes that there is a positive and a negative ‘Face’. The former reflects the desire to be approved by others, while the latter avoids being imposed on. Therefore, the use of the proposed ‘Politeness Strategies’ differ according to ‘Face’.

            However, neither the ‘Face’ is a set phenomenon nor the strategies are applicable to all cultures, since culture – bound aspects may vary. These indicate  shortcomings in the theory, since the ‘Face’ acceptability vary from one person to another and social relations, attitudes, conduct, and their remedies may vary from one culture to another.     

            The paper is formed of five sections. Section one covers the notion and theories of politeness. Section Two deals with Politeness Strategies. Section three is devoted to Speech Acts as related to ‘Politeness’. Section Four tackles stylistic varieties as related to ‘Politeness’. Section Five tackles the shortcomings of the theory and draws a comparison between politeness and Impoliteness, reviewing models of Impoliteness to clarify the difference in the strategies used.

            The paper ends with the conclusions, followed by the bibliography.

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Madenat Alelem College
Study 1,4- Naphthoquinone Derivative and Biological Activity: A Review
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In this work, we focused on studying 1,4-naphthoquinones and their derivatives, and knowing the methods of preparing them using different auxiliary agents and forming derivatives containing heterocyclic rings, active groups and saturated rings containing heterogeneous elements . In addition, due to their strong antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity, 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds biological importance and are considered a source of various pharmaceutical compounds.

Publication Date
Sun May 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Parametric Study of a Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon Loop
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A theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out to study the behavior of a two-phase closed thermosyphon loop (TPCTL) during steady-state operation using different working fluids. Three working fluids were investigated, i.e., distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The TPCTL was constructed from an evaporator, condenser, and two pipelines (riser and downcomer). The driving force is the difference in pressure between the evaporator and condenser sections and the fluid returns to the heating section by gravity. In this study, the significant parameters used in the experiments were filling ratios (FR%) of 50%, 75%, and 100% and heat-input range at the evaporator section of 215-860.2 W. When the loop reached to

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 16 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Advance Research In Chemical Sciences
Study of Schiff Bases Complexes of Trimethoprim: A Review
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Trimethoprim derivative Schiff bases are versatile ligands synthesized with carbonyl groups from the condensation of primary amines (amino acids). Because of their broad range of biological activity, these compounds are very important in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity are often seen. Transition metal complexes derived from biological activity Schiff base ligands have been commonly used.

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 06 2022
Journal Name
Ijci. International Journal Of Computers And Information
Techniques for DDoS Attack in SDN: A Comparative Study
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Abstract Software-Defined Networking (commonly referred to as SDN) is a newer paradigm that develops the concept of a software-driven network by separating data and control planes. It can handle the traditional network problems. However, this excellent architecture is subjected to various security threats. One of these issues is the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, which is difficult to contain in this kind of software-based network. Several security solutions have been proposed recently to secure SDN against DDoS attacks. This paper aims to analyze and discuss machine learning-based systems for SDN security networks from DDoS attack. The results have indicated that the algorithms for machine learning can be used to detect DDoS

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 22 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Research And Studies
Optimizing Well Placement with Genetic Algorithms: A Case Study
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Maximizing the net present value (NPV) of oil field development is heavily dependent on optimizing well placement. The traditional approach entails the use of expert intuition to design well configurations and locations, followed by economic analysis and reservoir simulation to determine the most effective plan. However, this approach often proves inadequate due to the complexity and nonlinearity of reservoirs. In recent years, computational techniques have been developed to optimize well placement by defining decision variables (such as well coordinates), objective functions (such as NPV or cumulative oil production), and constraints. This paper presents a study on the use of genetic algorithms for well placement optimization, a ty

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 16 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Advance Research In Chemical Sciences
Study of Schiff Bases Complexes of Trimethoprim: A Review
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 07 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine
Non discogenic lumbar radiculopathy ((A study of 104 cases))
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AW Ali T, Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, 2016 - Cited by 1

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 16 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Advance Research In Chemical Sciences
Study of Schiff Bases Complexes of Trimethoprim: A Review
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Trimethoprim derivative Schiff bases are versatile ligands synthesized with carbonyl groups from the condensation of primary amines (amino acids). Because of their broad range of biological activity, these compounds are very important in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity are often seen. Transition metal complexes derived from biological activity Schiff base ligands have been commonly used

Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A study for Bacterial Infection in Acute Diarrhea Patients
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500 samples of diarrhea stool were collected from different ages(less than 1year –upto30years) and for both genders from some patients in (Alwiya hospital for children, Al-kendi, central health public laboratory and some gavernarated labs) period(1/11/2009—1/10/2010). Kinds of bacteria and parasites agents were isolated and identified from patients with diarrhea. Nine species of gram negative bacteria from enterobacteriaceae were isolated, E. coli isolated are the higher ratio 4.8% of all, then Salmonella typhi4.6% while the lowest ratios is Citrobacterfreundii 0.4%, while the other identified species were be among the previous rotios. also Plesomonasshigelloides was isolated which concedride one of the bacterial local studies.many met

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 03 2023
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Electrical Engineering
A Survey Study and Comparison of Drones Communication Systems
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