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Comparison between Ghassan Kanafani's Novel " Ma tabaqa lakom" and William Faulkner's "The Sound and the Fury" from the Perspective of the American School (the methodology of the novelistic theme and style): مقایسة دو رمان "ماتبقّي لكم"کنفانی و " خشم و هياهو"ی فاکنر بر اساس مكتب آمريكا (بررسی روش شناختی محتوایی و سبکی )
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     Being the meeting points of the world different languages and out of a scholarly perspective, comparative literature represents a cultural leap as well as an artistic and intellectual development or a global literary movement of both prose and poetry. Such homogenous literary structure requires a systematic and coherent study of the literary output of the people different cultures and civilizations. It also represents the theoretical approach of the present study that debates a systematic comparison between Ghassan Kanafani’s All That's Left to You and William Faulkner’s. The Sound and the Fury.  Within the perspective of the descriptive analysis approach, the present paper discusses the points of similarities and differences of the two novels and explains the artistic achievements of both novelists that have always been the center of the conceptual and methodological studies for the scholars and researchers of comparative studies. The importance of the present study lies in adapting the systematic and the theoretical aspects that have deliberately or accidentally marginally been included in the previous comparative studies. One of the basic similarities of the two novels lies in the use of the poetic dictions expressed within the psychological novel pattern and described through stream of consciousness. Hence, it is necessary to approach the two works in dialogue with the American school that have always taken the interest in studying different literary genres of different cultures. Of the most important findings of the systematic studies based on theoretical aspects of comparative study of the two novels: 1. stylistically speaking, both novels follow the stream of consciousness approach but it is less obvious in Ghassan Kanafani’s novel where the effect of his shrewd style cannot be ignored. 2. Thematically speaking, Ghassan Kanafani’s creativity lies in the touch of the optimism employed rather than the pessimistic characteristics expressed in Faulkner’s novel which is the very essences of the modern psychological novel.

چكيده

ادبیات تطبیقی نه فقط نقطة تلاقی زبان ها، فرهنگ‏‏ها و ملیت‏های گوناگون بلکه به تعبیر پژوهشگران این اثر، نقطة کانونی یک خیزش فرهنگی، یک نهضت تمدنی و یک جنبش ادبی جهانی است که گاه در لباس نثر و دیگرگاه در زیور شعر خودنمایی می کند و چنین شاکله‏ای اندام‏وار، طبیعتا بررسی روش‏مند و منسجم‏تر دستاوردهای ادبی ملل مختلف  را اقتضا می کند. همین دغدغه پژوهشگران را  برآن داشت تا دو رمان "ما تبقّي لكم" غسان كنفاني و "خشم و هياهو" ويليام فاكنر را با تکیه بر روش توصیفی – تحلیلی بررسی  کنند و هم با بيان وجوه تشابه و تفاوت ميان اين دو اثر، سبك روايي و خلاقيت دو نويسنده را نشان دهند و هم پژوهشگران و دانش اندوزان حوزة ادبیات تطبیقی را با اصول روش‏شناختی پژوهش کیفی آشنا سازند. ضرورت و اهمیت پژوهش در این است که مطالعات پیشین انجام شده –خواه یا ناخواه- از بررسی روشمند و نظری در مقام مقایسة رمان‏های مورد مطالعه غافل بوده اند. دستاوردهای اصلی پژوهش اینکه وجه اشتراک اين دو رمان در به کارگيري زبانی شاعرانه و داشتن ويژگي‏هاي رمان روان‏شاختي مدرن و صبغه سیال ذهنی متبلور است و همین ویژگی ها بررسی تطبیقی با رویکرد آمریکایی را در پژوهش اقتضا می‏کند که قائل به مطالعة ادبیات در فراسوی مرزهای خاص یک کشور است . سرانجام بررسی روش‏مند دو رمان و کاوش در مطالعات پیشین، یافته ها و نتایج استواری را ارائه می دهد از جمله اینکه: 1- کنفاني با خوش‏بيني، بدبيني‏هاي موجود در رمان روان‏شاختي نو را مي‏زدايد؛ ولي فاکنر نسبت به اين امر همچنان امانت­دار بوده و روح بدبيني و ناکامي بر رمانش حکم­فرماست. 2- ويژگي‏هايِ سبكيِ جريانِ سيّالِ ذهن بر هر دو اثر حکمفرماست و در رمان کنفاني رگه‏هایی از تأثیرپذیری وجود دارد  والبته خلاقیت سبکی کنفانی امری انکارناپذیر است.  

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 17 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A New Logic of Victory in Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games With Reference to Elements of Intertextuality in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies
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Suzanne Collins’ novel  The Hunger Games suggests a new logic of victory and set a distinguished focus on the unique personality of her heroin which brings to the mind the permanent correlation between all moral values. The Hunger Games World seems to be much more like one big bowl as it links the past, present, and the future. An Intertextual reference is interwoven in the present research as it brings Golding’s Lord of the Flies to the surface, and it highlights certain similarities between the two texts. In which Ralph, Piggy and Simon in Golding’s Lord of the Flies are the incarnations of stable moral values and hope of surviving ethics and rules in a chaotic and turmoil world. The event

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Family violence and its impact on the educational achievement of primary school children
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The research included four chapters starting with the chapter dealing with the problem of child abuse which was one of the most important educational and social problems faced by children from their parents or family members. The most common forms of abuse are physical and psychological violence. The problem of school delays is also one of the most important educational and psychological issues that concern educators, which occur because of violence and neglect of the family. The study pointed out that domestic violence is one of the issues that has started to alarm both the global and local communities, because childhood is one of the most important stages of the human development system, which is healthy in terms of physical, mental, p

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Studying the Possibility of using Paint to Reduce the Amount of Radon Gas Emitted from Cement
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In the present work, it had been measured the concentration of radon gas (CRn) for (10) samples of cement used in constructions before and after painting them using enamel paint, purchased from the local markets, to see the extent of its ability to reduce emissions of Rn-222 in the air. These samples were obtained from different sources available in the local markets in Baghdad and other provinces. The measurements were done by the American-made detector (RAD7). The results showed that the highest CRn in the air emitted from cement samples after coating was in the cement sample (Iranian origin) where the concentration was (58.27 Bq/m3) while the lowest CRn was found in building material samples

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The question of demand: definition, divisions, and examples from the controversy of the scholars of jurisprudence.
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research summary

Praise be to Allah، and prayers and peace be upon His Messenger and His chosen one، his family، companions and his family and his family.

After that، this is a study on the question of the claim، as one of the controversial questions that are the mainstay of debates، and I looked at it: the limit of the question of the claim، its importance، its impact، its aspects of corruption، its sections، and the representation of its sections of the fundamentalist controversy;

The research was according to the following plan:

Introduction، in which she mentioned: the importance of the research topic and the reason for its selection، its questions، its l

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 06 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Conformity and nonconformity and their relation to the emotional balance of high school students
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 Complex and complex psychological processes are complexand are the result of convergence, convergence and interaction between variables, including the subject of mediation or group or individual and psychological processes involved in the variance, including - personal knowledge and emotional tone (Osman, 1987, p. 8 ). An emotionally balanced individual has the ability to endure and delay meeting needs and has the ability to endure as much as possible. Of the emotional balance of the individual is characterized by emotional stability, show some signs of emotional agitation toward any kind of opposition, anger and realism in self-life and discipline (Swift, 1996, p. 44) Van, et al. , Indicates that people with low emotional balance,

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 20 2022
Journal Name
Biomedical And Pharmacology Journal
Phytochemical Comparison Study for Evaluating the Hypolipidemic Effect Between Two Iraqi Pepper Spp in the Rats Model.
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Hypercholesterolemia is a predominant risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The World Health Organization (WHO), ) recommended reducing the intake of cholesterol and saturated fats. On the other hand, limited evidence is available on the benefits of vegetables in the diet to reduce these risk factors, so this research was conducted to compare the hypolipidemic effect between the extracts of two different types of Iraqi peppers, the fruit of the genus Capsicum traditionally known as red pepper extract (RPE), and Piper nigrum as black pepper extract (BPE), respectively, in different parameters and histology of the liver of the experimental animals. The red pepper was extracted by ethyl acetate, while the black pepp

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of estimations methods of the entropy function to the random coefficients for two models: the general regression and swamy of the panel data
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The results have been compared by using mean squares error and mean absolute percentage error to different cases in term of correlation valu

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Arabic Grammar between Originality and Sufficiency
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The Arabic Grammar between Originality and Sufficiency

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Thu Mar 27 2025
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Degradation of soil quality is an inevitable consequence of modifications to the characteristics of the soil that contribute to a decrease in ecosystem services. Numerous stressors, including chemical, biological, and physical ones, as well as those originating from both natural and artificial sources. The most prevalent kind of soil contamination that contaminates soil biota is agrochemicals. Soil is the most common place for xenobiotic dumping, which makes it the most probable source of other natural resources' pollution, such as surface and ground waters, based on the results of several studies. The danger to the environment posed by polluted soils is influenced by a variety of biological and physicochemical mechanisms that regulate the

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Thu Mar 27 2025
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The Negative Relationship between Earthworms and Pesticides
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Degradation of soil quality is an inevitable consequence of modifications to the characteristics of the soil that contribute to a decrease in ecosystem services. Numerous stressors, including chemical, biological, and physical ones, as well as those originating from both natural and artificial sources. The most prevalent kind of soil contamination that contaminates soil biota is agrochemicals. Soil is the most common place for xenobiotic dumping, which makes it the most probable source of other natural resources' pollution, such as surface and ground waters, based on the results of several studies. The danger to the environment posed by polluted soils is influenced by a variety of biological and physicochemical mechanisms that regul

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