Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-618
European Loanwords in Modern Persian: واژه های اروپائی دخیل در زبان فارسی نوین ( بحث و بررسی در حوزه¬های معنایی )
...Show More Authors

The movement and broadening of foreign and European words into Persian is a topic within historical linguistics. Such changes are semantic, phonological

Since many of these European loanwords into Persian took a remarkable space within Persian dictionaries, and became an indispensible part of the language, a study of the original languages of these loanwords may identify the enormous effect of those languages upon Persian, being a receptor language, and may refer to the liveliness.

Among the important factors which helped the movement of various loanwords into Persian are:

  • Geographical: this is seen via contact between Persian people and those neighboring people, specifically those speaking Arabic, Turkish, and Kurdish.
  • Economical: this is manifested by the movement of words through trade transactions between the Persian and other people, such as German, English, Italian, Greek, etc.
  • Political: this is seen by movement of words via military intrusions by those who occupied Iran for long times. Such was the case of Russian words which came through the Russian people who occupied Iran during the 1940s; a similar case was that of the English words during the time of the campaign against Iran.
  • Cultural: this is seen in the effect upon Iranians by western cultures, when different terms and words paved their way into Persian and still in use.

I depended in doing this on a number of dictionaries available at the Library of the Dept. of Persian in the College of Languages.

پیشگفتار

گسترش واژه های اروپایی در زبانهاي فارسی ، از جمله موضــوعات در خورد  توجه در حوزه مطالعات ریشه شناختی است که میتوان از ابعادي چون دگرگونیهاي معنایی، تغییرات آوایی، نحوه انتقال و نقش و میزان تاثیرگذاري زبانهاي واسط بدان پرداخت. از آنجا که قریب به اتفاق این واژهها به طور مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم به زبان فارسی راه یافته اند، مطالعه نقش و میزان تاثیرگذاري زبانهاي بیگانه دخیل بر زبان فارسی  بسیار اهمیت دارد، وبررسی در این موضوع ، بیانگر نقش بسیار پررنگ واژه های اروپایی و دامنه تاثیرگذاری این کلمات بر زمینه متون مختلف فارسی ، وبیانگر نقش این واژه های اروپایی  و دامنه تاثیرگذاري این زبانها بر زبان فارسی به نحوي که حتی در موارد متعدد، برجسته ترین فرهنگ هاي اروپایی در ریشه یابی این واژه های که به  فارسی منتقل گردیده است ، و اشارهاي به فارسی بودن آن ها نکردهاند. در این مقاله، ضمن پرداختن به تعدادي از واژههاي اروپایی ِ دخیل در زبان هاي فارسی که با واسطه جستجو در فرهنگ های ولغتنامه های نوین در کتابخانه های زبان فارسی وزبان های اروپایی ،  برای تلاش بر آن بوده است تا به نحوي توصیفی- تحلیلی تصویري از این تاثیرگذاري ارایه شود.

همان گفتیم که وام گیري واژگانی از جمله موضوعات پر اهمیت در حوزه مطالعات ریشه شناختی که از ابعادي گوناگون می توان بدان پرداخت، بررسی ریشه شناختی واژه هاي دخیل در هر زبان با مطالعه دگرگونی هاي معنایی، تغییرات آوایی، سیر انتقال، و نیز بررسی دامنه نفوذ و گسترش واژه ها همراه است و مطالعه ریشه شناختی واژه هاي خارجي در دیگر زبان ها نیز از این قاعده مستثنا نیست ، اساسا دامنه نفوذ و گسترش واژه هاي اروپایی در زبان فارسی از حیث تعدد و تنوع و نیز حوزه جغرافیایی از جمله موضوع هاي مهمی است که می تواند از سویی به پژوهش هایی نوین و ارزشمند در این حوزه دامن بزند و از سویی دیگر روشنگر ابعادي شگفت در خصوص میزان و گستردگی این پدیده زبانی باشد ، از این رو بررسی ریشه شناختی واژه هاي اروپایی  در زبان فارسی از چند منظر قابل تأمل است، از آن جمله می توان به تغییرات آوایی، دگرگونی هاي معنایی، سیر دامنه نفوذ، انتشار و گسترش واژه های دخیل از زبان های اروپایی از چنان وسعتی برخوردار است که واقعا شگفت آور می نماید.

 

 

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Jan 04 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The concept of physical, psychological and social self with the kindergartens
...Show More Authors

The concept of self is considered one of the important dimensions in the human personality, because feeling of self is an important characteristic in this phase from the psychological point of view.

The first source which forms the concept of self is the physical image, where the built and appearance of the body is considered among the vital matters which determine the person's image of himself/herself. 

The current research aims to:

1) Identify the level of physical self concept at the kindergarten children.

2) Identify the level of psychological self concept at the kindergarten children.

3) Iden

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Nov 11 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
القرآن القرآن الكريم و السنة النبوية من أصحاب العاهات
...Show More Authors

Islamic civilization derived its religious law from Quran and sunnah which took care of human as a benefit person in life and how it treat with it , and because the civilization takes care of human , it would take also in his health , manners ,body and this is the aim of Islamic civilization ,all religious emphasize on Islamic laws and on helping poor people or weakness one.

View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
On Faintly θ- Semi-Continuous and Faintly δ-Semi-Continuous Functions
...Show More Authors

      Faintly continuous (FC) functions, entitled faintly S-continuous and faintly δS-continuous functions have been introduced and investigated via a -open and -open sets. Several characterizations and properties of faintly S-continuous and faintly -Continuous functions were obtained. In addition, relationships between faintly s- Continuous and faintly S-continuous function and other forms of FC function were investigated. Also, it is shown that every faintly  S-continuous is weakly S-continuous. The Convers is shown to be satisfied only if the co-domain of the function is almost regular.

View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (4)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Sólo/Solo y la alternancia de sólo/solamente
...Show More Authors

El español es una lengua hablada por una ingente comunidad que abarca varios cientos de millones de personas. Son muchas las palabras con distintos significados que se escriben de similar manera. Hablamos, por ejemplo, de dos de ellas: el adjetivo solo y el adverbio sólo.

En este trabajo se plantea un estudio del adverbio sólo, palabra invariable cuya función consiste en (complementar la significación del verbo) y solo es un adjetivo (califica a un sustantivo).¿Cómo diferenciarlas para evitar errores ortográficos? Así, en estos casos (solo/ sólo), la distinción la da la tilde en la primera vocal. Ésta es la

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2021
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Hurst Exponent and Tsallis Entropy Markers for Epileptic Detection from Children
...Show More Authors

The aim of the present study was to distinguish between healthy children and those with epilepsy by electroencephalography (EEG). Two biomarkers including Hurst exponents (H) and Tsallis entropy (TE) were used to investigate the background activity of EEG of 10 healthy children and 10 with epilepsy. EEG artifacts were removed using Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter. As it hypothesize, there was a significant changes in irregularity and complexity in epileptic EEG in comparison with healthy control subjects using t-test (p< 0.05). The increasing in complexity changes were observed in H and TE results of epileptic subjects make them suggested EEG biomarker associated with epilepsy and a reliable tool for detection and identification of this di

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (4)
Crossref (1)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Free Convection in an Inclined Concentric Annular Square Cavities Filled With Porous Medium and Heated By Non-Uniform Temperature
...Show More Authors

A numerical study of the two-dimensional steady free convection flow in an inclined annulus between two concentric square cavities filled with a porous medium is presented in this paper for the case when the side outer walls are kept with differentially heated temperature while the horizontal outer walls and the inner walls are insulated. The heated wall is assumed to have spatial sinusoidal temperature variation about a constant mean value. The Darcy model is used and the fluid is assumed to be a standard Boussinesq fluid. For the Cartesian coordinate system, the governing equations which were used in stream function form are discretized by using the finite difference method with successive under – relaxation method (SUR) and are solv

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Dec 05 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Land use change in Baghdad City and assessment of the Jadriyah and Umm Al- Khanazeer Island Important Bird Area (IBA) from 1984 to 2020
...Show More Authors

Land use change, particularly the expansion of urban areas and associated human activities at the expense of natural and semi-natural areas, is a major ecological issue in urban areas around the world. Climate change being a very strong additional driver for changing the temperature and habitat in the cities. This also applies to Baghdad, Iraq, where urbanisation and climate change exerts a major pressure on the natural habitats of the city, and thus may affect the ability of city planners to adapt to future climate change scenarios. Here we present evidence of substantial growth in urban areas, increases in temperature, and degradation of natural vegetation within Baghdad city by using Remote Sensing techniques and an assessment for the

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (11)
Crossref (7)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Emotional Motivation in industrial products design and its reflection on the consumer
...Show More Authors

This research discusses the subject of emotional stimulation factors through the stages of product design interaction with the consumer and what they reflect in the formation of a self-consideration of the design in his emotional memory regarding the specific brand through the following question (What is the emotional stimulus in the design of certain products and its reflection on the consumer during the processes of receiving and using it?), The importance of the research comes in the connection of design elements with many sensory factors used and motivating to attract the consumer to the acquisition of a specific design and the demand for its experience, the study aims Detection and access to emotional stimulation in the design of th

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Jun 20 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Taxonomy of Memory Usage in Swarm Intelligence-Based Metaheuristics
...Show More Authors

Metaheuristics under the swarm intelligence (SI) class have proven to be efficient and have become popular methods for solving different optimization problems. Based on the usage of memory, metaheuristics can be classified into algorithms with memory and without memory (memory-less). The absence of memory in some metaheuristics will lead to the loss of the information gained in previous iterations. The metaheuristics tend to divert from promising areas of solutions search spaces which will lead to non-optimal solutions. This paper aims to review memory usage and its effect on the performance of the main SI-based metaheuristics. Investigation has been performed on SI metaheuristics, memory usage and memory-less metaheuristics, memory char

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref (3)
Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Oct 19 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
the impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation in aviation companies operating in sudan
...Show More Authors

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the Knowledge Management Processes on organizational creativity in the Airlines  Companies working in Sudan. The hypotheses formulated as:, there is a positive relationship statistically significant differences between knowledge management processes (diagnosis, the acquisition, storage, distribution and application) and organizational creativity. the measurement of the variables had been adopted from previous studies. The study used a Descriptive approach and and the analytical statistical method to construct the model and SPSS Program for data analysis .Purposive sample procedure had been chosen and structured questionnaire had been developed. Out of 215 q

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref