The present paper addresses one of the most challenging topics in translation; namely legal translation in the framework of two different approaches; the classical (formal) and the more recent (functional). The latter approach is the outcome of the process of simplifying legal language known technically as Plain Language Movement. The advent of this movement dates back to the 1950s, in response to the widely-held complain about the awkwardness of the legal register. Within this framework, the salient features of legal language, at the various linguistic and textual levels, underwent reconsideration in favor of more publicly digested expressions. The paper then subjects two translations of a lease contract to analysis in the light of the formal/functional dichotomy. These two texts are taken from textbooks widely accredited to train students legal translation at the Iraqi universities. The analysis revealed that the translators did not adhere to one specific approach; rather they moved smoothly from one approach to another. This is a promising change in attitude towards the rather flexible approach, and departing from the rather static one. The paper finally suggests some guidelines for investing this new tendency in training translators who have been complaining about the rigorous nature of legal translation.
With the spread of globalization, the need for translators and scholars has grown, as translation is the only process that helps bridge linguistic gaps. Following the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), a strong competitor has arisen to the translators, sweeping through all scientific and professional fields, including translation sector, with a set of tools that aid in the translation process. The current study aims to investigate the capability of AI tools in translating texts rich in cultural variety from one language to another, specifically focusing on English-Arabic translations, through qualitative analysis to uncover cultural elements in the target language and determine the ability of AI tools to preserve, lose, or alter the
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This paper aims to add to the growing body of cognitive translation studies that deal with the translation of emotions and the factors of evaluating the translation process-oriented. Cognitive appraisal is one of the tokens that includes three paradigms of assessing the performance of translation, it can be addressed from the perspective of emotions, intuitions, and individual styles of the SL and the method of transfer into TL. The study hypothesized that translators create a similar emotional charge due to their mental capability to build the same emotional effect in the TL audience. The study also proposed that the applicability of cognitive appraisal is a valuable method of evaluating the translation process, as pertinent to TPR. The
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This research has been devoted to the objective and important issue which is the legal protection of the printing form of the newspaper in the Iraqi press.
As this issue constitutes the integrated unit of the printing format in addition to achieving legal protection for the illustrative image used in the press. Such matter, on both level the integrated unit of the printing format and the legal protection, is out of reach of study due to the comprehension of the subject is concerned.
Although there is a justification for dealing with both of them together as the explanatory image is one of the foundations on which the printing format of the newspaper is built. This case generates, at least, the same legal subject that appe
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The current study aims to cover the health topics in the Iraqi journalism , to know the concern 's level of the Iraqi journalism when covering the health subjects and to know the size of its performance under the diversity of visual and audio medias. The researcher has discussed his research by wording it with a set of inquiries that should be answered via the research and study. He could have determined that by the following:
What is the concern's level of Iraqi journalism over the health subjects? What are the forms and press arts that are functionalized by the Iraqi journalism as to get the health message to the republics? What is t
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This piece of research deals with assimilation as one of the phonological processes in the language. It is a trial to give more attention to this important process in English language with deep explanation to its counterpart in Arabic. in addition, this study sheds light on the points of similarities and differences concerning this process in the two languages. Assimilation in English means two sounds are involved, and one becomes more like the other.
The assimilating phoneme picks up one or more of the features of another nearby phoneme. The English phoneme /n/ has t
... Show Moreيتناول البحث تعليم اللغة العربية وما لها من أثر بين التراث والمعاصرة إذ يعُد مقياس رقي أي مجتمع من المجتمعات مقدار عنايته بلغته القومية ، فهي وسيلته واداته للتفاهم في مواجهة المواقف المختلفة التي تتطلب الكلام ، والاستماع ، والقراءة ، والكتابة ، هي دلالة تحضره وتقدمه في احواله المختلفة ، وهي الشرط الاساس في بقائه ونمائه ، فبدونها يغيب موضوع الحديث عن مفهوم المجتمع القومي لاي شعب من الشعوب ..
Iraqi EFL college instructors, who supervise the teaching practice of EFL student teachers, commonly experience the inefficient teaching performance of prospective teachers. This inefficiency is usually due to their inability to make connections between the practical experience and the theoretical knowledge of TEFL. One of the reasons behind this inability may be the employment of traditional ways of training and instructing student teachers. Moreover, it is usually noticed that many Iraqi EFL student teachers have a negative attitude toward the teaching profession. They explicitly state that they would join the teaching force only if they fail to work in any other field.
... Show MoreFor over a decade, educational technology has been used sparingly in our schools and universities. Online training courses have been used since 2003 to fill the gaps in our learning system and to add extra program besides classroom learning. This paper aims to investigate the Iraqi EFL instructors’ participating in online training courses and its influence on the process of teaching and learning.
The sample of present study consists of 30 instructors from University of Baghdad. The questionnaire of sixteen items was constructed. After ensuring validity and reliability of questionnaire, it was applied on March 2013 and the result shows that most of instructors improve their teaching methods b
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