Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-269
LA CONDICIONALIDAD EN ÁRABE Estudio lingüístico y traductológico CONDITION IN ARABIC: Linguistic study and translation
...Show More Authors

La condicionalidad en árabe, supongo como en otras lenguas, constituye una noción amplia que puede expresarse mediante diferentes construcciones sintácticas. La mayor parte de los especialistas coinciden en señalar que las estructuras condicionales son, probablemente, la clase más compleja de expresión compuesta en árabe. Se utilizan para expresar una condición de la que depende la realización de lo expuesto en la oración principal. Las estructuras condicionales son una de las principales vías lingüísticas de las que dispone el individuo para expresar su capacidad de imaginar situaciones diferentes a las reales; de crear mundos posibles; de soñar con situaciones pasadas que podrían haber sido diferentes; de ocultar lo factual tras la apariencia de lo contingente.

           En árabe la prótasis es generalmente un sintagma verbal[1], y lo mismo ocurre con frecuencia en la apódosis, con el verbo en perfectivo o en yusivo aunque sin que ello conlleve un sentido temporal preciso.

 

[1] ‘Abbās Ḥasan, 1974, an-Naḥū al-Wāfi,  dār al-Ma‘ārif  al-Miṣriyya, El Cairo, 3ª edición, tomo IV, pág.471.

Abstract

Conditionality in Arabic is supposed, as in other languages, a broad concept that can be expressed by different syntactic constructions. Most experts agree that the conditional structures are probably the most complex kind of expressions in Arabic. They are used to express a condition on which the realization of what transpired in the main clause depends. Conditional structures are one of the main avenues of language available to the individual to express their ability to imagine different situations to real; create possible worlds; dreaming of past situations that could have been different; hide what factual after the appearance of the contingent.

In Arabic the protasis is usually a verb phrase, and the same happens frequently in the apodosis, with the verb in perfective or jussive although without incurring a precise temporal sense.

The conditional sentence in Arabic is called (aj-jumlah ash-shartiya الجملة الشرطية) which consists of two juxtaposed prayers, the first in Spanish, has different names; protasis, background, hypothesis, simply called in Arabic (jumlatu ash-shart جملة الشرط, the second is apodosis, therefore, conditioned or consequential, and Arabic is called (تawābu ash-shart - جواب الشرط) although it may be preceded in some cases by linking elements as ف, سوف, ل, etc ... - introduced by a conditional particle أداة شرط.

                       If + protasis (antecedent) + apodosis (consequent)

As to the order of the clauses, in Arabic, what is that characteristic protasis precedes the apodosis. This prototypical anteposistion of the subordinate clause is defended and required school basraui (the Basra), and is the usual structure: + connector + protasis apodosis; if you shut up, I'll buy you a gift, ان تسكت فسأشتري لك هدية, whereas if the order is reversed, the apodosis this ommited. On the other hand, another school of Kufa and some Arab grammarians accept the preemption of apodosis.

We try to focus light on the translation of conditional markers that on many occasions, from a grammatical perspective, not regarded as conditional. However, these structures express conditionality in Arabic.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Nov 17 2023
Journal Name
Nasaq
A Semantic Study of Thematic Progression in Selected American and British Movies
...Show More Authors

ZG Abdulrazaq, MR Younus, Nasaq, 2023

View Publication
Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Morphological study of bronchial tree and lung in Iraqi weasel (Herpestes javanicus)
...Show More Authors
Abstract<p>The current study aimed to identify the morphological description and branches of the bronchial tree and lung for the weasel <italic>Herpestes javanicus</italic> as one of the Iraqi mammals inhabiting the Iraqi environment. In the current study, 10 samples with an mean weight of 288-564 g were used, trachea and lung were removed from the samples and confirmed using proven solutions and laboratory tests were conducted on 5 samples of the study to identify the branches of the bronchial tree using the technique of casting resin and then exposing the samples to erosion. Weasel has a pair of bright pink sponge lungs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity. The lungs look similar </p> ... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (1)
Crossref (1)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Bionatura
Study the antioxidant of Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) powder: In vitro and vivo
...Show More Authors

Oxidative stress is oxidative damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can cause oxidative damage to cellular components, including membrane lipids, receptors, enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. It would eventually lead to cell apoptosis and the appearance of certain pathological conditions. This work investigates the antioxidant potentials of chamomile extract in vitro by evaluating the extract activity to scavenge 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), also in vivo by investigating its effects on oxidative stress-induced rats by assessing the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity in the radiation exposed rats with and without the treatment with chamomile extract. The results

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (6)
Crossref (2)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Feb 03 2018
Journal Name
Al- Utroha Journal
Grice&#8217;s Maxims in British and American Conversation: A Comparative Study.
...Show More Authors

DBN Rashid, Al- Utroha Journal, 2018

View Publication
Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Reports Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology
Comparative Study of New Biomarkers in Iraqi DM2 with and without Complications
...Show More Authors

View Publication
Scopus (7)
Crossref (2)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
كلية التربية-الجامعة المستنصرية
Study the drift velocity of electron in mixtures Cf4,O2 and Ar
...Show More Authors

Publication Date
Thu Mar 19 2015
Journal Name
Al-academy
Ideology and Film : a study in the expressive requirement: عمار هادي العرادي
...Show More Authors

Film and literature exchanges it’s influences since the early beginning of the motion pictures appearance .it was a phenomenon in other genres such as theatre ,short stories and novels .the film used out of this interaction with literature the content , themes and subjects whish were more attached to the society. based on that , the film gains it’s successes and wide spread of influences on it’s audiences who became more familiar with the motion picture style.Astrok , the French film critic wrote about “Camera the pain “ and called it as the a way of writing in the future .he was talking about the future’s role of the film .It is the importance of the film in the creation and documenting the life and its various fields.Becaus

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archive
ANATOMICAL AND PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF AGAVE AMERICANA L. (ASPARAGACEAE) GROWING IN IRAQ
...Show More Authors

The anatomical features of Agave americana L. leaf have been described, transverse sections of the leaf have been examined, the epidermis is single-layered on both surfaces, the stomata are sunken and mesophyll is (2-3) layers of parenchyma cells, vascular bundles are collateral type. The pollen of A. americana was studied. The observation was made with L.M. (Light microscope) and S.E.M. (Scanning electron microscope) to determine the significance of pollen features as taxonomic characters. The pollen was monades, homopolar, monosulcate, and with large size, subprolate in shape from P/E ratio (Polar axis/ Equatorial diameter) and furrow length and width, exine thickness and ornamentation.

Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Histological and Histochemical study of the Esophagus in Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis
...Show More Authors

The present study represent the histological and histochemical structure of the esophagus of laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, one of the wild birds, which feed on the seeds( grainvorous).The result showed that the esophagus long tubular quit wide and highly distensible organ situated at the right side of the nick , lie between pharynx and stomach it was divided into cervical and thoracic part , the cervical part longer than the thoracic part, and the crop was merely enlargement fusiform in shape which located at the entrance of the thorax. Esophagus parts showed that composed of four layer ;the mucosa, sub mucosa, muscular and adventitia or serosa, the mucosal layer was arranged in folds which was longer in the c

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu May 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A Review Study on Forgery and Tamper Detection Techniques in Digital Images
...Show More Authors

Digital tampering identification, which detects picture modification, is a significant area of image analysis studies. This area has grown with time with exceptional precision employing machine learning and deep learning-based strategies during the last five years. Synthesis and reinforcement-based learning techniques must now evolve to keep with the research. However, before doing any experimentation, a scientist must first comprehend the current state of the art in that domain. Diverse paths, associated outcomes, and analysis lay the groundwork for successful experimentation and superior results. Before starting with experiments, universal image forensics approaches must be thoroughly researched. As a result, this review of variou

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (1)
Crossref (1)
Scopus Crossref