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L’imaginaire de l’épidémie dans La Peste d’Albert Camus et Le Choléra de Nazik al-Malaika The Imagination of Epidemic in Alber Kamo's Novel " Plague" and Nazik Al-Malaekah's poem "Cholera"
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The present study deals with the story of Epidemic in two literary works issued in the same year (1947). One of them is a novel titled "Plague" written by the French writer Alber Kamo, the second is a poem of the Iraqi poetess Nazik Al-Malaekah. The research reflects a contrastive study of the war vision in the two works as both writers used science to serve literature by using Epidemic as a metaphor to refer to the dangers that the societies faced.

The problem of the present research lies in answering the question about the reason that makes the two writers use metaphor while narrating the issues of the society instead of mentioning them directly and illuminate what implications do the narrative style of Epidemic story have and the story of war does not have?

The research consists of three main chapters. The first chapter studies the narrative aspects of the two works clarifying the characteristic of narration in the story of Epidemic. The second chapter deals with the image of war and its meanings in the two works while chapter number three deals with the two writers' premonition about the danger that threatened humanity which was considered more than being a mere Epidemic.

The results of the research show that using metaphor to refer to the war and the bad conditions in the society comes from the view that the epidemic (whether Plague or Cholera) is a kind of disease that we can not put an end to completely as it goes through sabbatical periods and then reactivates upon the availability of the factors that help to spread it. At that time, the condition of society is threatened by instability. The plague which was spread in Wahran –a city in Algeria and which Kamo narrates its details is a metaphor about the second world war and the Germanic's occupation to France as there are clear hints about this in the text, While, Nazik               Al-Malaekah mentions death that came as a result of the widespread of Cholera in Egypt. She mentiones in her memories that she heard that the number of the dead people increased from six hundreds to one thousand, a matter which makes her write this poem. In fact, this news was a stimulus for her to express the Iraqi condition particularly and the Arab Homeland generally as well as to express the persecutions, oppressions and murders that they suffer from "death is what humanity complains from" as the poet explains.

Choosing epidemic as a frame and a narrative material to talk about an era in which the political and social conditions suffered from instability is a means to express. Thus , disease and here epidemic has numbers of historical, scientific and paranormal implications which can really reflect the status of the society. Epidemic is not only a disease that infects an individual or group of people but it is an uncontrolled, fast-spreading danger whose treatment tends to be impossible a matter which makes AL-Malaekah consider death a remedy from this epidemic. Thus, it is an extreme case of disability and horror which the epidemic causes. The two writers call for choosing such images to talk about the miseries that affect the humanity. Historically, epidemic registered numbers of stories that reflects the disasters that affects the humanity. Kamo mentions and numerates the plagues and its victims through different periods. Thus, epidemic is an inclusive case of expression.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Studying the Microstructure of Al-Ti Alloy Prepared by Powder Metallurgy using Three Different Percentages of Ti
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The effect of different Ti additions on the microstructure of Al-Ti alloy prepared by powder metallurgy was investigated. A certain amount of Ti (10wt%, 15wt%, and 20wt%) were added to aluminium and the tests like microhardness, density, scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted to determine the influence of different Ti additives on the Al-Ti alloy properties and microstructure. The results show that the grains of α-Al changed from large grains to roughly spherical and then to small rounded grains with increasing Ti content, the micro-hardness of the alloy increases with increasing Ti, and XRD results confirm the formation of TiAl3 intermetallic co

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 13 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Job Satisfaction on Job Performance of Nurses at Al-SuwairaGeneral Hospital
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Objective(s): To measure the level of job satisfaction and job performance of nurses and to find out
the association between participants' socio-demographic characteristic of nurse and their job
satisfaction and job performance.
Methodology: A descriptive analytic study design was carried out to measure the nurses' level of job
satisfaction and job performance in Al-Suwaira general hospital and to find out the association between
nurses and their socio-demographic characteristic. The study was started from March 5th, 2017 to
September 31th, 2017. The sample was Non - probability (purposive) sample of (100) nurses were
selected according to the study that are actual working in nursing department in Al-Suwaira General<

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Pioneer of Modern Arab renaissance (His life and his effect) Ahmed Faris Al Shidyaq
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AI-Shidyaq is considering one of the scholars' of Arab modern Renaissance. He
enjoyed a dusting nished status among the men of letters of his age. He added many things in
language and literature that made him, during the Arab modern Renaissance, a pioneer
researcher in the 1900s. He had established a state for literature that turnal him in to one of
the critics of his age, to the extent that he was called the Eagle of Lebanon (similar to the
Eagle of Quraish).
He was also called the Jahiz of his age, Voltaire of his generation and Khleel of the
1900s. He was also called Victor Hugo.
He was characterized by a character of smoothness in style, Clarity in meaning and
purpose, an ability to analyze, Describe and wr

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Feminist Lament and its Representations in Contemporary Arab Theatrical Text " Al-Khansaa' Play- A Model": نزار شبيب كريم-زينب نوري هاشم
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  The research addresses the feminist lament and its representations in the contemporary Arab theatrical text as one of the purposes of the Arabic poetry and its images, samples, and reasons developed and its incentives multiplied through different time periods in which a dramatic image and representations have been manifested that harmonized with the art of theatre. In order to shed light on these representations, this study has come to look for the representations of lament phenomenon in the Arab theatre texts.
The study consists of an introduction in which the two researchers put forward the research problem, significance and objectives, and a theoretical framework which tackles a theoretical foundation for the research consi

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Risks assessment for the retrieval of radioactive waste from the old Russian cemetery Al -Tuwaitha site
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In this work the radioactive wastes in the Old Russian
Cemetery Al -Tuwaitha site were classified according to risks for
workers who are involved in the retrieval process. The exposure
assessment results expressed as estimates of radionuclide intakes by
inhalation and ingestion, exposure rates and duration for external
exposure pathways, and committed effective dose equivalents to
individuals from all relevant radionuclides and pathways. Results
showed the presence of natural radionuclides Ra-226, Th-234 and K-
40, as well as the produced radionuclide Cs-137 and Eu-152 in the
cemetery wells. The absorbed doses from the waste were classified to
two categories; exempt waste and low level waste according to

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Measurement of uranium concentration in the water samples collected from the areas surrounding in Al-Tuwaitha nuclear site using the CR-39 detector
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Abstract. In this research, the uranium concentration in (16) water samples collected from some agricultural areas surrounded with AlTuwitha nuclear site in Baghdad-Iraq was measured by using a CR-39 detector. The concentration of uranium in this study was from (0.6 ± 0.33mg/l) to (2.51 ± 0.49 mg/l), and the weighted average for the concentrations (1.262 ± 0.402 mg/l). The results showed it is a concentration of uranium level in water samples studied is higher than the allowed limit recommended by WHO and ICRP.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Response of Some Properties of (Al-Si-Mg) Alloy to Nano-Ceramic Materials’ Addition
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Al-Si alloys which are widely used in engineering applications due to their outstanding properties can be modified for more enhancements in their properties. Current work investigated the ability of these alloys to be modified by casting them through the addition of nanoparticles. So, Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and titanium carbide ceramic particles (TIC) with size of (20 nm) were added with different amounts started from (0.5 up to 3%) weight  to cast alloy A356 that was considered to be the base metal matrix, then stirred with different speeds of (270, 800, 1500, 2150) rpm at 520 °C for one minute. The results showed change in microstructure’ shape of the casted alloys from the dendritic to spherical gra

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Civil Engineering
Evaluation the Level of Service of Signalized Intersection: Al-Amreia Intersection as a Case Study
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Abstract<p>One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the w</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 07 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Developing the Skill of Friendship for Kindergarten Children in the Light of Bandura's Theory Social Learning: Ministry of Education / Baghdad Directorate of Education, Al/Rusafa
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The current research aims to identify the effect of the program to develop the skill of friendship among kindergarten children, as well as the scope of the impact of the program on the sample. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher hypothesizes there is no significant difference between the average scores of the sample members on the friendship skill scale for the dimensional scale according to the experimental and control group. The research sample consisted of (60) girl and boy with age ranges (4-6) who were randomly selected from the Kindergarten Unity at Baghdad city/ Rusafa 1. The children were distributed into an experimental and control group, each group consists of (30) girl and boy. The two groups were chosen

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Political Use of the Photograph: A Semiotic Study of the Photograph of Al-Kadhimi's Visit to Fallujah on the Anniversary of the Victory Over ISIS
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The research aims to determine what a photograph intends to convey as a visual text. Photographs are not captured randomly, especially those of politicians. Each photograph carries a message, even if interpretations of that message vary from person to person. The research adopts a methodology based on semiotic analysis, applying Laurent Gervero's model to analyze a photograph of the Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi's visit to Fallujah on the anniversary of the victory over ISIS. The photographs in question constitute a visual language built upon a sequence of iconic symbols and signs. These elements coalesce to give rise to an image centered around a particular theme, one designed to convey a precise messag

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