English has for long been one of the most widely used media of communication globally, especially in the Malaysian universities. It has been termed as a Lingua Franca because it is shared with other languages which are considered first languages by different speakers. For this reason, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has attracted a number of researchers to investigate its variety via other languages in various communities. The objective of this paper is therefore to establish the strategies which are employing by the international students at the National University of Malaysia/ UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as an example of one of the Malaysian universities; when they e

The culture of theatre performance has a vital role in the process of reading the linguistic and visual signs of the performance. And the process of transforming a theatre performance from its original context into a new hosting cultural context starts from the actual reading of the text. Directors derives their new signs out of his personal culture, depending on the society where they lives and the culture that forms the social conventions, traditions and beliefs. The text is usually written within its own historical and temporal culture. The process of its production usually takes it away from its original culture, when it interprets the codes of the original writer and their visual and linguistic signs and instils new alternative sign

The current research aims to identify the level of effective leadership practices dimensions (clear vision and specific goals, good planning and effective influence, and monitoring well as evaluation) among the senior leaders in the Office of the Iraqi Interior Ministry., The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach to collect data through the questionnaire as a main tool, developed by relying on international standards after making adjustments to its items consisting of (25) items that included the research variable, the questionnaire was distributed to all the research community (comprehensive inventory) by 120 forms from emplo

The contextual clues researcher guide to determine the meaning of the word is likely to several meanings, was contextual clues Dalili in determining the meanings morphological acts whipped in a sermon Alhqhqih.
And meanings are endless on the contrary language words used to express these meanings, we find that one word may be used to express more than one meaning, leading to the phenomenon of semantic possibility.
So it was inevitable that contain language text on the signs designate the reader and listener and researcher to identify the intended meaning, and these signs are contextual clues in the text.
Actual formulas whipped features from other formulas morphological Pkthertha frequent use and the large number of meanings men

The problem of housing in Iraq is a long-rooted and rooted problem, and it needs a great effort to find out its causes and thus give essential points that contribute to alleviating and addressing it, and it is worth noting that research into the housing problem and the housing sector in Iraq is not done in isolation from other sectors and studies. As well as the economic policies pursued and the social and political conditions. It is known that the Iraqi economy is a unilateral (rentier) economy, that is, it depends almost entirely on exporting oil and obtaining revenues, and that the economic decision and economic policies followed in Iraq are greatly affected by several factors, including the economic, social and political fact

The research is summarized in the construction of a mathematical model using the most common methods in the science of Operations Research, which are the models of transportation and linear programming to find the best solution to the problem of the high cost of hajj in Iraq, and this is done by reaching the optimum number of pilgrims traveling through both land ports and the number Ideal for passengers traveling through airports by Iraqi Airways, instead of relying on the personal experience of the decision-maker in Hajj and Umrah Authority by identifying the best port for pilgrim's travel, which can tolerate right or wrong, has been based on scientific methods of Operations Research, the researcher built two mathematical models

Vorwort:

                              Die Übersetzung gilt in der Vergangenheit als Brücke zwischen  verschiedenen Gesellschaften. Sie spielt eine große Rolle im Bereich Kulturaustausch der Länder. Die Araber haben das früh betrachtet, und die Übersetzung als Wissenschaft wird eine der wichtigsten Lehren. Viele griechische Wissenschaften waren durch Übersetzung in den arabischen Ländern bekannt.

In dieser Forschung findet man einen Überblick über die Wichtigkeit der Sprichwörterübersetzung und welche Rolle spielt diese Übersetzung im Z

Aim: This abstract aims to highlight the critical nature of climate change as a pressing challenge facing humanity in the 21st century. It underscores the severe consequences it poses to essential facets of human existence, including water and energy resources, agricultural production, and the broader environmental systems. Method: The abstract primarily utilizes a descriptive approach to emphasize the impact of climate change on the Middle East, particularly the Arab region. It relies on a review of existing knowledge and data related to climate change and its effects on ecosystems and drought patterns. Results: The abstract outlines the direct and indirect repercussions of climate change on human life and the environment. It draws atten

This research aims to identify the nutritional status of the individual's relationship to malnutrition using anthropometric measurements such as weight, height and impact on the values ??of the blood study sample included 200 male and 200 female of the inhabitants of the cities of Baghdad and Baquba reviewers Central Mahtbrat

Abstract

The open budget means everyone in the society can get information about the government budget in order to watch the governmental works. The aim of the research is to study the concepts of open budget, its advantage, limitations, role of supporting the transparency and questioning the administrative and financial corruption. Thus reflects positively on the national economy by providing governmental information to all users whether they are individuals or belong to the political class, or any other governmental or nongovernmental organizations which are interested in these information.

In order to achieve the objectives of the research aims, we make questionnaire to see aca