Routing is the process of delivering a packet from a source to a destination in the network using a routing algorithm that tries to create an efficient path. The path should be created with minimum overhead and bandwidth consumption. In literature, routing protocols in VANET were categorized in many ways, according to different aspects. In the present study, we prefer the classification based on the number of hops to reach the destination node. In literature, these are single-hop and multi-hops protocols. We first discuss the two types and then compare the MDDV (multi-hops protocol) with VADD (single-hop protocol). The comparison is theoretically and experimentally implemented by providing a network environment consisting of SUMO, VIENS and

This study aims to investigate the features of stellar-gaseous kinematics and dynamics mass using scaling coefficient relationships (such as the Faber–Jackson relation (FJR)) of two samples of elliptical and lenticular galaxies. These two samples of 80 ellipticals and 97 lenticulars were selected from previous literature works. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences )SPSS( and Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) program were used to find out the associations of multiple factors under investigation such as main kinematic properties of the gaseous-stellar (effective radius Re, surface density within the effective radius (Ʃeff) , stellar mass in the blue band (Mstar (B)), gas mass ( Mgas), dynamic (Mdyn) and baryonic (Mbar), supermassiv

This study aims to conduct an exhaustive comparison between the performance of human translators and artificial intelligence-powered machine translation systems, specifically examining the top three systems: Spider-AI, Metacate, and DeepL. A variety of texts from distinct categories were evaluated to gain a profound understanding of the qualitative differences, as well as the strengths and weaknesses, between human and machine translations. The results demonstrated that human translation significantly outperforms machine translation, with larger gaps in literary texts and texts characterized by high linguistic complexity. However, the performance of machine translation systems, particularly DeepL, has improved and in some contexts

Financial crisis is one of the topics that have attracted the interest of researchers in recently. The research focused on the issue of the crisis of the Asian Tigers and the mortgage crisis and comparing them in terms of causes and repercussions. It may meet most of the financial crises in many of its causes, factors, roots and results in the advanced and the developing countries. This crisis has its own pattern and its causes and nature and it is characterized by a crisis of cash liquidity and the collapse of many banks and declare bankruptcy and a sharp decline in stock prices and indices of the stock market and so far the common denominators among the causes but does not mean this There are differences between the financial c

The political participation of the Iraqi woman, gains a big importance equivalent to its role in all other fields. Therefore , it represents a higher value in the democratic orientation in addition to the importance of rising the reality of the woman specifically in the fields that are considered as a scale of the human development like the income, health, and education . The weakness of womenʹs political participation, is something that can't be ignored or neglected if we are looking forward to the rising of the country᾽s reality and achieving the required development in its all aspects. The woman is half of society or more than that due to the burden of raising the generations tasks. This can be achieved by taking part in th

Presents here in the results of comparison between the theoretical equation stated by Huang and Menq and laboratory model tests used to study the bearing capacity of square footing on geogrid-reinforced loose sand by performing model tests. The effects of several parameters were studied in order to study the general behavior of improving the soil by using the geogrid. These parameters include depth of first layer of reinforcement, vertical spacing of reinforcement layers, number of reinforcement layers and types of reinforcement layers The results show that the theoretical equation can be used to estimate the bearing capacity of loose sand.