A batch and flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of barbituric acid in aqueous and urine samples. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of barbituric acid with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium iodate to form purple water soluble stable product at λ 510 nm. Good linearity for both methods was obtained ranging from 2 to 60 μg mL−1, 5–100 μg mL−1 for batch and FI techniques, respectively. The limit of detection (signal/noise = 3) of 0.45 μg mL−1 for batch method and 0.48 μg mL−1 for FI analysis was obtained. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of barbituric acid in tap water, river water, and urine samples with good recoveries of 99.92

       The current research aims to build a training program for chemistry teachers based on the knowledge economy and its impact on the productive thinking of their students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the following hypothesis was formulated:

   There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) level of significance between the average grades of the students participating in the training program according to the knowledge economy and the average grades of the students who did not participate in the training program in the test of productive thinking. The study sample consisted of (288) second intermediate grade students divided into (152) for the control group

In order to advance the education process and raise the educational level of the players, it became necessary to introduce new educational aids, programmed education in the education process, through which the basic skills to be learned are explained and clarified, and immediate feedback is provided that would enhance the information of the learner, and Reaching the goal to be achieved, taking into account the individual differences between the players, and thus it is possible to move away from the educational methods used in learning skills, which requires great effort and time, in addition to that the open playground may not perform the skill accurately and the player looks from one side, while when using the computer you look from severa

The Backstepping Sliding Mode Control is a control technique used for controlling nonlinear systems. In this paper, the performance of the backstepping sliding mode controller schemes for the angular velocity control for a rotary actuator of an angular velocity control system that utilizes a novel hydraulic flow control method called inlet throttling was investigated. For the angular velocity dynamic, a linear state feedback with suitable high gain is designed as the virtual controller, where steady state error can be made arbitrarily small according to the gain value. A time varying sliding variable is then selected based on the designed virtual controller. The resulting control design is robust, and the maximum error of the angular veloci

While traditional energy sources such as oil, coal, and natural gas drive economic growth, they also seriously affect people’s health and the environment. Renewable energies (RE) are presently seen as an efficient choice for attaining long-term sustainability in development. They provide an adequate response to climate change and supply sufficient electricity. The current situation in Iraq results from a decades-long scarcity of reliable electricity, which has impacted various industries, including agriculture. There are diverse prospects for using renewable energy sources to address the present power crisis. The economic and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems were investigated in this study by using the solar pumpi

Objective: To determine the effect of instructional program on infertile women's knowledge regarding
diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for infertility.
Methodology: Non-probability (purposive sample) of (100) infertile women, who visit Kamal Al-Samaraee Hospital/
fertility and IVF center. The data are collected through the use of constructed questionnaire, which included:
demographic characteristics, social status, previous medical history, reproductive status, sexual status and questions
regarding women’s knowledge about infertility. Instrument validity and reliability was determined. Data were
collected through the use of questionnaire, the application of the instructional program was done for the study group<