It was Aristotle who first drew attention to the superior quality of literature to the other factual fields of knowledge. Contradicting his predecessor Plato on the issue of „truth,‟ Aristotle believed that „poetry is more philosophical and deserves more serious attention than history: for while poetry concerns itself with universal truths, history considers only particular facts.‟ (1) The critical attention to the disparity between the literary truth and the historical truth grew up throughout ages to flourish in the Renaissance and after with a bunch of distinctive views on this subject. Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586), for example, found that literature does not offer a literal description of reality but rather a heightened vers

The water scarcity that Iraq suffers from and the low irrigation efficiency in irrigation projects, therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the performance of the irrigation system of the western canal for the Ishaqi irrigation project in Salah al-Din Governorate to determine the water management strategies that can be used to improve the irrigation efficiency in the project. The performance of the field irrigation system was evaluated on two fields of different crops and irrigation methods according to the agricultural reality of the study area in the Western canal for the Al-Ishaqi Irrigation Project in Salah Al-Din Governorate. The fieldwork included measurements of the moisture content before and after irrigation, fi

The aim of this research is to develop mechanical properties of a new aluminium-lithium-copper alloy. This alloy prepared under control atmosphere by casting in a permanent metal mould. The microstructure was examined and mechanical properties were tested before and after heat treatment to study the influence of heat treatment on its mechanical properties including; modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, impact, and fatigue. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity of the prepared alloy is higher than standard alloy about 2%. While the alloy that heat treated for 6 h and cooled in water, then showed a higher ultimate tensile stress comparing with as-cast alloy. The homogenous heat treatment gives best fatigue

Al-Yaqubi was biased in favor of Shia. May be du to his choice of source, materials. All historians as with other human beings are biased in their attitudes and preconceptions in one degree or another as well as in one direction or another.
The choice of source materials, their nature and the use made of them is an important index for measuring the achievement of ang historian.
Several specific questions arise. What sources did author use that were either unknown to or were not employed by his predecessors and contemporaries for whatever reason?
What sources are common to al- Yaqubi and his colleagues among the early Arab historians and what evidence of tendentiousness can be ascert- ained in these? To what extent can the author

The study aims at knowing students’ academic assistance at the Department of Kindergarten. It further aims to know the difference of academic assistance among these students with respects to variables like (college of education for women, Baghdad, Thi-Qar). It also aims to know about the difference according to the academic level variable, in addition to its relation to some other variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, a number of university female students were selected from both Baghdad an Thi-Qar Universities in the academic year 2019-2020. The sample of the participants consisted of (400) students from the (second, third, and fourth) levels. To measure the study variable represented by the concept of academic assistance

The purpose of this research that, the performance budget  is the best style of budget styles that can help and contribute in forming preparing federal typical budget in Iraq , By taking advantage of the application of the principles of scientific rules that would ensure optimal allocation and investment of the financial resources of the state and achieve the best performance and the lowest possible cost, both with regard to the administrative and accounting side, reducing the waste of public money, so that can enhance the success , power , and safety of financial activity of managerial system that it focuses on the magnetite and quality of the work done and the objectives wanted to meet. so application of performance budget require

At the last two decades , The environment has witnessed tremendous changes in many fields with the huge competition , various technological development and customer satisfaction , that are reflected in economic units a doption for lean production system.   

   Lean accounting that has appeared as a response for change occurred of economic units adoption for changes occurred of economic units adoption for lean production instead of wide production system , has devised new performance measures suitable for economic units adoption for lean ideas: and helping in providing suitable information about evaluating economic unit performance , these measures are divided into three levels , cell level,value flow level , a

     In this work an approach has been developed to investigate the influence of surface roughness on thermohydrodynamic performance in aligned and misaligned journal bearings by considering an average flow model and deriving the shear flow factor for various roughness configurations, similar to the pressure flow factor. An average Reynolds equation for rough surfaces is defined in term of pressure and shear flow factors, which can be obtained by numerical flow simulation, though the use of measured or numerically generated rough surfaces. Reynolds, heat conduction and energy equations are solved simultaneously by using a suitable numerical technique (Finite Difference Method) to obtain the pressure and temperature di

Renewable energy resources have become a promissory alternative to overcome the problems related to atmospheric pollution and limited sources of fossil fuel energy. The technologies in the field of renewable energy are used also to improve the ventilation and cooling in buildings by using the solar chimney and heat exchanger. This study addresses the design, construction and testing of a cooling system by using the above two techniques. The aim was to study the effects of weather conditions on the efficiency of this system which was installed in Baghdad for April and May 2020. The common weather in these months is hot in Baghdad. The test room of the design which has a size of 1 m3 was situated to face the geographical south. The te