Inflation is one of the important issues that the economic authorities in all countries of the world care about, where the loss of money for its function is one of the most important and largest inflationary effects that this phenomenon leaves on the economy, and Iraq, like other countries, has had its share of the problem of inflation for a long time due to the circumstances that He went through it, whether it was the wars he fought or the economic blockade that was imposed on him in the nineties of the last century. Economically, the problem of inflation is addressed through the use of fiscal policy tools, including tax increases in order to abso

لقد مثلت عملية التحول من النظام الشمولي الى مشروع اقامة نظام جديد ومغاير نقلة نوعية شهده المجتمع العراقي بعد 9/4/ 2003 القت بظلالها على مختلف الاصعدة السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ولعل من بين ابرز تلك التحولات ذلك الذي تبلور على حول مفهوم الهوية الوطنية واعادة تشكيلها من خلال صياغة جديدة لمفهوم المواطنة الذي يفترض ان تكون القاعدة الراسخة التي يتأسس عليها المشروع الوطني الجديد الرامي الى إقامة او إعادة تأسي

The aim of the research to apply TD-ABC technology to determine the idle capacity of the central oil companies (oil field east of Baghdad), as a modern cost management technology based on time-oriented activities (TD-ABC) is used by industrial companies in general and oil companies on In particular to build a sustainable Calvinist pillar and make future decisions by identifying idle energy to gain it a competitive advantage, the descriptive analytical approach has been adopted in calculating and analyzing the company’s data for 2018, and the most prominent conclusions of this research are managing idle energy and the task of applying cost technology on the basis of time-oriented activities and providing Convenient spatial infor

في هذا البحث، تم استكشاف تأثير نوع المكاسب على التفاعلات التعاونية الدولية لاسيما في مجال مواجهة التحديات المناخية. إذ تبين أن المكاسب النسبية تلعب دورا حاسما في توجيه سلوك الدول فيما يتعلق بالاتفاقيات البيئية الدولية. ويعكس هذا التحليل دروسا مهمة لصياغة السياسات والجهود الدولية في هذا المجال ذاته. ان الدول عندما تتوقع مكاسب نسبية تفوق الخسائر المتوقعة من التعاون، فإنها تكون أكثر عرضة للالتزام بالاتفاقيات

لقد مثلت عملية التحول من النظام الشمولي الى مشروع اقامة نظام جديد ومغاير نقلة نوعية شهده المجتمع العراقي بعد 9/4/ 2003 القت بظلالها على مختلف الاصعدة السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، ولعل من بين ابرز تلك التحولات ذلك الذي تبلور على حول مفهوم الهوية الوطنية واعادة تشكيلها من خلال صياغة جديدة لمفهوم المواطنة الذي يفترض ان تكون القاعدة الراسخة التي يتأسس عليها المشروع الوطني الجديد الرامي الى إقامة او إعادة تأسي

This research aims to show the nature of the impact of proactive and analytical strategic orientation in the dimensions of tax organizational excellence (leadership, strategic planning, information and analysis and knowledge management, focus on taxpayers, focus on operations, focus on workforce, business results), in the General Tax Authority  The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data and information from the sample of (110) who are (Associate Director General, Head of Department, Under-Head of First Division, Under-Head of Second Section, Division Officer).  Arithmetic mean, intestinal deviation the research has reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which are: -

1. There is an effect of

Abstract

              The current research sought to demonstrate the effect of material flow cost accounting on reducing products through the application of material flow cost accounting technique, which works on the optimal utilization of materials and energy and the reduction of environmental impacts.The research aims to clarify the knowledge foundations for material flow cost accounting, in addition to studying the material flow cost accounting technique that helps reduce the cost of products and make them environmentally friendly. To achieve this, the research relied on the descriptive approach with regard to the theoretical aspect of the resea

ABSTRACT
Threw this research to the following:
1 - Know the impact of strategy Puglia in the collection of the rules of the Arabic language
students at the Institute of preparation parameters .
2 - Know the impact of the retention strategy in Puglia collection rules Arabic language
students at the Institute of preparation parameters .
To verify the status Mmermaa Find researcher Elsafreeten following two hypotheses :
1 - There is no statistically significant difference between the average score for the collection
of the fourth grade students at the Institute for the preparation of material parameters who
were studying grammar strategy Puglia and average grades collectible fourth grade
students at the Institu

Purpose – determine the impact of the promotional mix in achieving competitive advantage in industrial organizations.

Problem- indicated a clear deficiency in employing the dimensions of the marketing mix in ensuring a competitive advantage for the researched organization.

Design/methodology/approach – Al-Dora Refinery was selected as a field of application. The sample was chosen by an intentional sample of (143) individuals in the Human Resources departments. The questionnaire was adopted as a data acquisition tool that was prepared based on a set of ready-made standards after being subjected to a number of v