This paper presents a vibration suppression control design of cantilever beam using two piezoelectric ‎patches. One patch was used as ‎an actuator element, while the other was used as a sensor. The controller design was designed via the balance realization reduction method to elect the reduced order model that is most controllable and observable. ‎the sliding mode observer was designed to estimate six states from the reduced order model but three states are only used in the control law. Estimating a number of states larger than that used is in order to increase the estimation accuracy. Moreover, the state ‎estimation error is proved bounded. An ‎optimal LQR controller is designed then using the ‎estimated states with the slid

Heterocyclic systems, which are essential in medicinal chemistry due to their promising cytotoxic activity, are one of the most important families of organic molecules found in nature or produced in the laboratory. As a result of coupling N-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxo-butanamide (3) using thiourea, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, or piperonal, the pyrimidine derivatives (5a and 5b) were produced. Furthermore, pyrimidine 9 was synthesized by reacting thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate and urea with potassium carbonate as a catalyst. The chalcones 11a and 11b were synthesized by reacting equal molar quantities of 1-naphthaldehy

As a well-known oral and intravenous antifungal, voriconazole (VRN) has an extensive history of usage in the medical field. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been produced to treat ocular fungal keratitis in the eye. A 32Box-behnken design was used to produce a variety of new formulas for hot-melt extrusion. The SLNs were evaluated by entrapment efficiency (EE percent), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). A series of in-vitro and in-vivo studies were carried out on the new formula. The produced vesicles’ EE, PS, PDI, and ZP values were all good. SLNs eye drops were numerically adjusted to include carbopol, a stabilizer, lipids, and a surfactant, among other substances. ZP of -36.5 ± 0.20 m

Thin films of pure and doped nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) were prepared using a chemical pyrolysis technique (CPS), with different nanosize graphene oxide (GO) concentrations in the range (3-9)wt%. The structural, morphological andoptical characteristics of these films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique measurements revealed that the structure properties of TiO2have polycrystalline structure with anatase phase. AFM analysis showed the grain size of TiO2 films with different concentrations was decreased after doping with high concentration of GO ratio. Roughness of these films decreased too after adding of GO impurity for all films from (7.65-5.6)nm except 5wt% percentage where increased to 13.7nm. Optical

In the present work the preparation of Cu2S alloy was done throughout mixing the sulphur and copper elements according to the proper atomic weight and then put in an evacuated quartz ampoule which then sealed and heated at 1273 K for five hours and left to cool. Thin films from Cu2S powder thicknesses of ~300nm were prepared by thermal evaporation technique on a glass substrate and under vacuum of 10 -5 mbar with rate of deposition 25nm/sec. The prepared thin films subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures(300, 373 , 473 and 573 K)for half an hour. The structures of Cu2S powder and films have been studied by X–ray diffraction technique. The result reveals that the preparedalloy has cubic structure a

The growing demand for energy, coupled with the continued dominance of fossil fuels as the primary energy source, necessitates eco-friendly technologies that simultaneously enhance oil recovery (EOR) and reduce the impact of their emissions. Only one task, which is the CO2-EOR project, can combine these two sustainable development goals. Further, employing green nanotechnology, including nanoparticles and nanofluids, ensures a sustainable approach to controlling and enhancing rock wettability, thereby enhancing hydrocarbon production and carbon storage. However, the performance of nanofluids in subsurface formations is limited by the stability of these nano-dispersions at the harsh conditions of reservoirs. This work thus synthesize

The present study revealed a low-cost process for utilizing desert sand for preparing nanosilica by sol-gel technique. This work required sodium hydroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, distillate water as raw materials, and Iraqi sand. Nanosilica sample was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), atomic force microscope(AFM), surface area (BET) method, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD result of produced sample is referred to as amorphous silica, and it has a broad peak at 2Θ= 22° – 22.5 º. SEM showed spherical, agglomerated silica particles with a diameter range of 26.57–28.93 nm. In addition, the average particle size was 76.35nm, with a dimension range of 40-11

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have attracted considerable attention for rechargeable battery applications because of their high ionic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and enhanced safety. In the present work, copper-ion-conducting PVA/HPMC gel polymer electrolytes were successfully prepared by the solution casting method using a 50:50 PVA/HPMC blend. Different CuSO₄ concentrations (10, 20, and 30 wt%) were incorporated into the polymer matrix, followed by the addition of 3 mL PANI/[BMIM][BF₄] polyionic liquid. The prepared electrolytes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SEM analysi