Mosques could be considered as one of the most powerful architectural types throughout historical ages. With their highly symbolic formal legacy, Mosques  play an essential role in providing the Islamic city with its special identity. Nevertheless, the advent of digital technology and its ubiquity at different levels of architectural design marked the emergence of new tendencies in the Architecture of Mosques, represented by various models added to the storage of this architectural type. Consequently a review of these tendencies would be needed, aiming at pointing out the formal transformations and new suggested characteristics.

The paper investigates the surviving and the disappearing formal components of&n

Diyala Governorate has many unique and diverse geomorphological features that the region enjoys, which are among the attractions for natural tourism, as the natural environment is considered a maker of tourism. The importance of geomorphological aspects as components of natural tourism is due to their association with tourism and entertainment, as a result of the enjoyment of many geomorphological aspects of the beauty of its natural landscape on the one hand, and on the other hand, the association of these manifestations with different types of tourism activity. Any tourist area as it is the main factor for tourist attractions, such as the presence of the Hamrin hills, and sand dunes. Planning for the development of tourism activity in the

        Artificial Neural networks (ANN) are powerful and effective tools in time-series applications. The first aim of this paper is to diagnose better and more efficient ANN models (Back Propagation, Radial Basis Function Neural networks (RBF), and Recurrent neural networks) in solving the linear and nonlinear time-series behavior. The second aim is dealing with finding accurate estimators as the convergence sometimes is stack in the local minima. It is one of the problems that can bias the test of the robustness of the ANN in time series forecasting. To determine the best or the optimal ANN models, forecast Skill (SS) employed to measure the efficiency of the performance of ANN models. The mean square error and

The Artificial Neural Network methodology is a very important & new subjects that build's the models for Analyzing, Data Evaluation, Forecasting & Controlling without depending on an old model or classic statistic method that describe the behavior of statistic phenomenon, the methodology works by simulating the data to reach a robust optimum model that represent the statistic phenomenon & we can use the model in any time & states, we used the Box-Jenkins (ARMAX) approach for comparing, in this paper depends on the received power to build a robust model for forecasting, analyzing & controlling in the sod power, the received power come from

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on EOS/Aqua satellite provides diverse measurements of Methane (CH₄) distribution at different pressure levels in the Earth's atmosphere. The focus of this research is to analyze the vertical variations of (CH₄) volume mixing ratio (VMR) time-series data at four Standard pressure levels SPL (925, 850, 600, and 300 hPa) in the troposphere above six cities in Iraq from January 2003 to September 2016. The analysis results of monthly average CH₄VMR time-series data show a significant increase between 2003 and 2016, especially from 2009 to 2016; the minimum values of CH₄ were in 2003 while the maximum values were in 2016. The vertical distribution of CH_4<

Purpose: This research is to identify the most important challenges for the local investment commissions and to develop solutions and proposals to encourage local and foreign investment in local governments in Iraq (the Iraqi provinces are irregular in the region).   Theoretical Framework: This research suggests a conceptual framework for the local investment commissions in order to solve their problems, the most important of which was to identify the most critical challenges which are facing the Baghdad Investment Commission BIC and how to overcome them.   Design/The methodology approach: Research involved a mixed-methods approach through two stages. During the first stage, the researcher gathered quantitative data from all inves

Abstract In light of the changing conditions that prevail in society, and the intense competition that institutions and countries are forced to face, especially after the opening of markets, and the transformation of the world into what is called a small village, entrepreneurship has emerged as an important tool for dealing with the developments of societies, whether it is related to individual business projects or Economics for national business, leadership was the key to any driving force towards achieving growth. Today, women are no longer captive to a specific orientation, but rather all horizons and fields of work have been opened to them, and they have been able to occupy the most important economic, voluntary, service, and

The research problem lies in determining the beauty ranges between the receiver and the industrial product, The goal of the research, it is the definition of aesthetics in industrial design and its relation to the receiver, and the researcher outcome several conclusions of the, the most important was: 1. The role of accumulated experience, and their interaction with the vision of the artwork in achieving aesthetic perception and levels of artistic and aesthetic values and by the level of growth this taste of the recipient. 2. There are interactive and close relationship be the primary means for the integration of functional and aesthetic meaning the designer meant to get it to the receiver.

  The research addressed the formal functions resulting from the use of various guiding signs in the design of the interior spaces of airports in various pragmatic, expressive and psychological aspects. The aim is to identify the functions the guiding signs perform in facilitating and organizing the travelers' movement and satisfying the needs of the visitors and users of the unfamiliar places which they intend to visit, the nature of the services offered by these signs as one of the important parts within their general design. The research also identified the concept and types of signs as a means of visual communication and how to employ them in the design of the airports public spaces, and what are the criteria of their use and fu

The Islamic Arts which include calligraphy and specifically the third line of the greatest
manifestation of Islamic civilization affair, and it was the mosques and mosques and holy
shrines scattered in the city of Baghdad, which had a deep impact in enhancing
communication
This means research study (third line aesthetics diversity of tactics in the architecture of
mosques) It is located in four seasons, which included the first chapter the research problem
represented by asking the following - :
-What are the methods of implementation of the third line in the architecture of mosques ?
And reflected the importance of research in it represents a serious attempt to investigate the
diversity in the organization des