كان ومازال الجدل الفكري الدائر بما هو ديني ، قائم على أسس الشريعة الإسلامية من مفاهيم شتى، اوما هو مجرد ينتمي إلى خانة التنظير الفلسفي والفكري الذي لا تحكمه أي أيديولوجية دينية وإنما يحكمه نتاج فكري بشري قد ينتمي إلى تيار فكري معين ( كالعلمانية) ، أو ( المادية) ، أو (الليبرالية). والذي يحكمنا في هذا البحث هو مفهوم " المعارضة" في الفكر السياسي الإسلامي المعاصر ، وكيف يمكن النظر إليه

This research explores the obstacles teachers encounter in executing the smart schools initiative within the framework of Iraq, where educational facilities and digital preparedness are still at an early stage. Although worldwide trends reveal the growing use of smart technologies in education, Iraq has been hindered by systemic barriers, such as archaic curricula, restricted access to technologies, and an unqualified teaching staff. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire on 122 public school teachers working in Baghdad with a descriptive-analytical methodology. The study divided challenges into five areas: infrastructure, teacher preparedness, administrative support, curricular adaptation and cultural resistanc

The present research aims at the following:
- Measure Classroom environment of university Student (research sample)- Measure
Cognitive motive and Reflective Thinking of university Student (research Sample) .
- In order to Know the relationship between the Scores of Classroom environment and
Scores of cognitive motive and Scores of Reflective Thinking of university Student
(research Sample) .
Sample of research consisted of (500) Students for both genders distrivbted upon ten
colleges in Baghdad University , (5) Scientific Colleges , and (5) human Colleges , Sample
was chosen by using radom method  Research instruments were three , Prepared by the researcher ,The first is to measure
classroom environme

The role of university in awareness of Social and Cultural Human Rights to Students
still at the beginnings . the irritable secure of Iraqi environment is the most challenges that
cease any work that may raise the human rights in university . in spite of obstacles the same
society of university like conferences and meetings that related to this subject . as well as the
luck of professional teachers.
This study raises a group of important questions, perhaps the most :
The contribution of university in educates their students of the social and cultural human
rights? What are the most challenges that facing these students? Does the university
responsible of this luck of understanding these human rights?
This Study

    Research aimed to:1- Be acquainted to the two types of personality A,B with the members of the teaching staff of Anbar university 2- The level of the motivational achievement among the teaching staff  3- The level of motivational achievement  of the teaching staff  of( A,B). 4- Differences of the abstract implications of A,B type  5- The relationship between A and B and the motivational achievement.

  Research Tools: the researchers  followed  measure  A, B type of  Howard Glaser  1978,and   measure  of Achievement Motivation for Mansoorm1986.

   The Result showed: 1. A tendency of the t

The present research aims to identify thecorrelation between cognitive motivation andthe trend towards the teaching profession among students of the Department of Chemistry in theFaculty of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn al-Haytham, as well as to identify the differences in the relationship according to the variable type (male, female). The measures of cognitive motivation and the trend towards the teaching profession were applied, using pearson's correlation coefficient,t-testfor one sample, andthe t-test of two separate samples.

e current research aims to know the effect of fishbone strategy on achievement of chemistry and visual thinking among middle school students, the research sample consisted of 89 students divided into two experimental groups consisting of 44 students who studied fishbone strategy, and a control group that consisted of 45. A student studied in the usual way; the two groups were rewarded in a number of variables, and the researcher built two tools for the research: the first is an achievement test consisting in 30 paragraphs, and the second is a visual thinking test consisting in 18 paragraphs. Keywords: Chemistry, fishbone, seven grade, students, visual thinking..

Individual cannot live alone due to to his need for others to facilitate His supplies for living, thus social affiliation is considered one of the most important psychological, social needs in individuals life through his willing to affiliate to others whether they were friends ,family, colleague , or even home to reach some degree of  psychological stability.

       Affiliation is a tool to search for Satiate through living with group from the same type or comply for group or to be compatible with them or even to be adherent and accept what the group agreed about of criterion.

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