Shadow detection and removal is an important task when dealing with color outdoor images. Shadows are generated by a local and relative absence of light. Shadows are, first of all, a local decrease in the amount of light that reaches a surface. Secondly, they are a local change in the amount of light rejected by a surface toward the observer. Most shadow detection and segmentation methods are based on image analysis. However, some factors will affect the detection result due to the complexity of the circumstances. In this paper a method of segmentation test present to detect shadows from an image and a function concept is used to remove the shadow from an image.
This research include building mathematical models for aggregating planning and shorting planning by using integer programming technique for planning master production scheduling in order to control on the operating production for manufacturing companies to achieve their objectives of increasing the efficiency of utilizing resources and reduce storage and improving customers service through deliver in the actual dates and reducing delays.
In cognitive radio system, the spectrum sensing has a major challenge in needing a sensing method, which has a high detection capability with reduced complexity. In this paper, a low-cost hybrid spectrum sensing method with an optimized detection performance based on energy and cyclostationary detectors is proposed. The method is designed such that at high signal-to-noise ratio SNR values, energy detector is used alone to perform the detection. At low SNR values, cyclostationary detector with reduced complexity may be employed to support the accurate detection. The complexity reduction is done in two ways: through reducing the number of sensing samples used in the autocorrelation process in the time domain and through using the Slid
... Show MoreThis study was aimed to investigate the response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the effects of various experimental conditions on the removal of levofloxacin (LVX) from the aqueous solution by means of electrocoagulation (EC) technique with stainless steel electrodes. The EC process was achieved successfully with the efficiency of LVX removal of 90%. The results obtained from the regression analysis, showed that the data of experiential are better fitted to the polynomial model of second-order with the predicted correlation coefficient (pred. R2) of 0.723, adjusted correlation coefficient (Adj. R2) of 0.907 and correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.952. This shows that the predicted models and experimental values are in go
... Show MoreThe main parameters and methods influencing the removal of Gentian Violet (GV) dye from aqueous media were investigated using a stachy plant in this study. The surface of the stachy plant was determined using FTIR spectra. Adsorption is influenced by the adsorbent's characteristic groups. The research took into account the usual conditions for GV dye adsorption by the stachy plant, such as the impact of contact time. Mass dosage , after 0.3 g the amount of adsorbed dye declines. Study pH and ionic strength, the results obtained showed that at pH 3 the largest adsorption of (GV) was seen, while at pH 9, the lowest adsorption was observed at 298 K, the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium constants were achieved, and the equilibr
... Show MoreThe present work aimed to study the efficiency of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process for treatment of heavy metals wastewater contains zinc. In this research, the salt of heavy metals were zinc chloride (ZnCl2) used as feed solution.Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are made from polyamide as spiral wound module. The parameters studied were: operating time (0 – 70 min), feed concentrations for zinc ions (10 – 300 mg/l), operating pressure (1 – 4 bar).The theoretical results showed, flux of water through membrane decline from 19 to 10.85 LMH with time. Flux decrease from 25.84 to 10.88 LMH with the increment of feed concentration. The raise of pressure, the flux increase for NF and RO membranes.The maximum
... Show MoreIn this study, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDMAB) - bentonite was synthesized by placing alkylammonium cation onto bentonite. Adsorption of textile dye such as direct Yellow 50 on natural bentonite and HDMAB -bentonite was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time,dosage clay and temperature were investigated experimentally .The Langmuir and Freundlish isotherms equations were applied to the data and values of parameters of these isotherm equations were evaluated. The study indicated that using 0.2 g of HDMAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) lead to increase the percentage removal(R%) from 78% for pure bentonite to 99 %. The optimum pH value for the adsorption experiments was found to be pH=3 and therefore all the experim
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