The research aims to identify the effect of applying administrative decentralization to an educational performance by assessing educational performance before and after the process of transferring powers from the federal government (the Iraqi Ministry of Education) to local governments (governorates) as well as identifying the appropriate central or decentralized administrative system to advance the educational reality and performance. To achieve the goal of the research, educational data was collected and analyzed, as well as the measurement of educational performance indicators and analysis during two phases, the first represents the stage of applying the central system and spanned between the academic year (2011-2012) and the

Aim: surface modification of titanium using fiber laser 1064 nm to enhance the bond strength to resin cement. Material and Methods: thirty titanium discs of 0.6 cm x 0.3 cm (diameter and thickness respectively) were categorized after preparation into three groups (n=10) as follows: control group with no surface treatment and two test groups were treated with fiber laser after estimation the appropriate parameters in the pilot study which are 81 ns pulse duration, 30,000 Hz frequency, 50 µm spot size and 10,000 mm/s scanning speed and different average power values (10 W and 20 W) depending on the tested group. Titanium discs surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), a

In this work, the effect of atomic ratio on structural and optical properties of SnO₂/In₂O₃ thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique under vacuum and annealed at 573K in air has been studied.  Atomic ratios from 0 to 100% have been used. X-ray diffraction analysis has been utilized to study the effect of atomic ratios on the phase change using XRD analyzer and the crystalline size and the lattice strain using Williamson-Hall relationship. It has been found that the ratio of 50% has the lowest crystallite size, which corresponds to the highest strain in the lattice. The energy gap has increased as the atomic ratio of indium oxide increased.

The nonlinear optical properties for polymeric (PMMA) doping with dye Rhodmine (R3Go) has been studied .The samples are prepared by normal polymerization method with concentrations of 5x10^-5mol/l and a thickness of 272.5µm.

                         Plasma effect was studied on samples prepared before and after exposure to the Nd: YAG laser for three times 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Z-Scan technique is used to determine the nonlinear optical properties such as; refractive index (n₂) and the coefficient of nonlinear absorption (β). It was found that the nonlinear properties is change by increasi

تعد الصهيونية المسيحية الداعم الابرز للسيادة الصهيونية اليهودية على القدس، ويستند هذا الموقف الذي تتخذه الصهيونية المسيحية الى مجموعة من المعتقدات التي يشكل الاعتقاد بالعودة الثانية للمسيح وتأسيسه لمملكة سعيدة تدوم لالف عام محورها، ليصبح الاهتمام بمستقبل الشعب اليهودي احد الاركان الاساسية لمعتقدات الاصوليون المسيحيون لاسيما الصهيونية المسحية، فالتفسير الحرفي للكتاب المقدس قادهم الى اعتقاد مفاده: ان عو

     In this study, cadmium oxide (CdO) was deposited on glass bases by thermal chemical spraying technique at three concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15) M and then was irradiated by CO₂ laser with 10.6 μm wave length and 1W power. The results of the atomic force microscope AFM test showed that the surfaces of these CdO thin films were homogenous and that the laser irradiated effect resulted in decreasing the roughness of the surface as well as the heights of the granular peaks, indicating a greater uniformity and homogeneity of the surfaces. The optical properties were studied to determine laser effect. The results of optical tests of these thin films showed that the photoluminescence spectra and absorption s

The aim of this research is to identify the availability of visual thinking skills in the chemistry textbook scheduled for the third intermediate grade for the academic year (2020-2021) in the Republic of Iraq. The study sample consisted of all (85) images contained in the chemistry course for the third intermediate grade, which are (85) form using the curriculum.  Analytical descriptive A list of visual thinking skills was prepared, and the unit of form was adopted as a unit of analysis and repetition as a unit of counting, and frequencies and percentages were used for statistical treatment, and validity and reliability were calculated.  And using the Holste equation.  The following results were reached: The skill

This study reveals the impact of critical reading on viewers understanding and astatic judgment at artworks. And aims to find out the reasons and motives behind their issuing of these judgments towards artworks.
The study adopts the qualitative method as two pre and post interviews were conducted and analysed according to a thematic analysis method.
The results show that critical reading contributes to their understanding of the content of artworks and the message that the artist would like to convey to the recipient audience. and directs them towards the aesthetic judgment that is based on full understanding of the philosophical contents of the artwork, which, in turn, contributes to the development of artistic culture and a

ان الهدف من البحث الحالي هو تقويم كتاب الفيزياء للصف الرابع العلمي وفق معايير تصميم وانتاج الانفوجرافيك ومن اجل تحقيق هذا الهدف تم اختيار المنهج الوصفي(تحليل المحتوى) وحدد مجتمع البحث بكتاب الفيزياء للمرحلة الاعدادية الرابع العلمي, المقررة للعام الدراسي 2020-2019 ـ اما عينة البحث فكانت جميع الرسوم والاشكال والمخططات المتضمنة في هذا الكتاب. تم اعداد اداة التحليل المتمثلة بقائمة معايير تصميم وانتاج الانفوجرافيك

يحتل النفط مكانة هامة وجوهرية ضمن اقتصاديات العالم، حيث إنه يمثل سلعة استراتيجية عالمية ومادة أولية أساسية في الصناعات الكيميائية والبتروكيميائية، كما أنه متعدد الاستعمالات، سواء في الصناعة أو الزراعة، بالإضافة إلى استعمالاته في الحياة اليومية للإنسان، مما جعله ذا مكانة مهمة ضمن أطر التجارة الدولية وموقع خاص في تشكيل الخريطة الاقتصادية للعالم. وقد جاء هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على استراتيجيات منظمة الأوبك لض