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The relationship between the muslim authorities and prominent Christian personalities within their territories
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The prophet said that it anybody burdened any of the people or the book more than they could endure he would ben his opponent until the day of judgment.

-under the rightly guided caliphs the Christians had much freedom .this is shown by a letter attributed to ishu-yab III. The Nestorian catholics.

-The third caliph,Uthman favoured the Christians either because of the spcial skills or abilities which they possessed or through the imfluence of his Christian wife Na'ila.

-Under the early Umayyade,the christiansins the Isalamic umma had as much freedom as they had previously enjoyed under the best of their Christians governments because they restorted their churches and appointed many Christians to the government posts.

-From the reign of Abd al-Malik until the downfallof the Umayyad caliphate, the Christians'status deppnded on the attitude of individual governornors and  on relation ship of the caliphate with the Byzantine Empire.

-It would appear that generally speaking the caliph Umar II pursued a stronge anti-christian policy.this emerges from both Christians and some muslims sources

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 18 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Public exposure to news satellite channels and its relationship to levels of preference and evaluation of programs: Survey study on a sample of the audience of Baghdad City Cente
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The media, especially the satellite channels in our time, are one of the most important pillars of daily life, public and private, for society and people, and are considered by sociologists and sociologists as one of the most important factors of social upbringing and the most important, as a result of the technological and technological development of the media as well as increasing their numbers and vertical and horizontal expansion locally, As well as entering into the lives of individuals and people and leading them to important sites within their interests and preferences, not to mention the long time spent exposure to those media and benefit from the programs offered or broadcast. , The problem of this research is that there is a l

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 02 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Determining situational dimensions as a method of Equivalence in the source and target language in the translation of Russian and Arab: ( Понимание реальности ) средство полной эквивалентности текста оргинала и текста перевода на русском и арабском языках
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The present paper stresses the direct effect of the situational dimension termed as “reality” on the authors’ thoughts and attitudes. Every text is placed within a particular situation which has to be correctly identified by the translator as the first and the most important step for a good translation. Hence, the content of any word production reflects some part of reality. Comprehending any text includes comprehending the reality’s different dimensions as reflected in the text and, thus illuminating the connection of reality features.

Аннотация 

Исследование под названием  ((«Понимание реальности» средство полно

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Comparison between Ghassan Kanafani's Novel " Ma tabaqa lakom" and William Faulkner's "The Sound and the Fury" from the Perspective of the American School (the methodology of the novelistic theme and style): مقایسة دو رمان "ماتبقّي لكم"کنفانی و " خشم و هياهو"ی فاکنر بر اساس مكتب آمريكا (بررسی روش شناختی محتوایی و سبکی )
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     Being the meeting points of the world different languages and out of a scholarly perspective, comparative literature represents a cultural leap as well as an artistic and intellectual development or a global literary movement of both prose and poetry. Such homogenous literary structure requires a systematic and coherent study of the literary output of the people different cultures and civilizations. It also represents the theoretical approach of the present study that debates a systematic comparison between Ghassan Kanafani’s All That's Left to You and William Faulkner’s. The Sound and the Fury.  Within the perspective of the descriptive analysis approach, the present paper discusses th

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 28 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Estimation of urban land price within holly cities by using integrated GIS-regression models: case study Al-Kufa city- Iraq
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        Urban land price is the primary indicator of land development in urban areas. Land prices in holly cities have rapidly increased due to tourism and religious activities. Public agencies are usually facing challenges in managing land prices in religious areas. Therefore, they require developed models or tools to understand land prices within religious cities. Predicting land prices can efficiently retain future management and develop urban lands within religious cities. This study proposed a new methodology to predict urban land prices within holy cities. The methodology is based on two models, Linear Regression (LR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), and nine variables (land price, land area,

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Qualitative Study of Epiphytic Algae (Diatom) on Some Aquatic Plants in Al-Auda Marshes Within Maysan Province / Southern Iraq
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The study conducted on the compositions of epiphytic diatoms on three taxa of aquatic plants were selected (Phragmites australis Trin ex stand , Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Typha domengensis Pers) in three sites within Al-Auda Marsh, from autumn 2013 to summer 2014 . The study was measured physical and chemical factors of all the study sites, such as: air temperature, power of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity (S‰), total hardness(TH), dissolved oxygen (DO), and plant nutrient. The results showed that water of marsh was oxygenated and it was very hard. A total of 111 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, which belonged to 13 families and 26 genus (one family and two genus of centric diatoms, 12 families and 26 ge

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) by two species of terrestrial plants in some stations within Babylon Province, Iraq
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This study deals with air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anatomical variation in leaves of two species of terrestrial plants Ficus sp. and Conocarpus sp. that have bee commonly the separated along roadsides in many stations within Babylon province. APTI values of both species were less than 10 during study period which represented sensitivity of these plants to air pollution. There are Anatomical responses to pollution in the leaves of both studied species. Main adaptations included increased thickness of parenchyma cell walls with clear dark deposits in sections of Ficus sp. from sections of stations 2 and 4 which represent polluted stations. Conocarpus sp. main adaptation included stomata increased in density and decreased in size w

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 23 2020
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم النفسية
Influence of Model of Active Thinking in Achievement of Eighth Grade Students and their Visual Thinking in Science
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The aim of this study is to recognize the influence of model of active thinking in achievement ofeighth grade students andtheir visual thinking in science.The finds of this research show the superiority students of the experimental group who studied the science material by using the active thinking model on the students of the control group who studied by usual method, in the achievement test. Also the finds show that the students of the experimental group are more successful than students of control group in the test of visual thinking, so the two null hypotheses have been rejected. In light of the results of the research, numbers of recommendations were made.

Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Diversity of Management Practices of Human Resources and their Impact on Entrepreneurship in Universities: A Field Study in Public Jordanian Universities
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of human resource diversity management practices on achieving entrepreneurship in Jordanian public universities. To achieve the aims of the study, a well-designed questionnaire was used for collecting data. The population of the study was (7433) faculty members (including different ranks such as professors, associate professors, assistant professors and lecturers) in Jordanian public universities. The study sample was selected through the use of a random sample, the questionnaire is distributed to a sample (of 400 with the percentage of 5%) selected by using a random sampling (350) copies of the questionnaire were collected, reaching about (87.5%) out of the sum total of the dist

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Dental And Medical Sciences
Prevalence of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome and their association in an Iraqi sample
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Abstract: Background: Prediabetes and are increasing in prevalence all over the world, they each carry risks to the future development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. These risks will be greatly exaggerated if they occur together in the same individual. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence and the association of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome, in addition to analyzing the correlation of the risk factors that lead to their development. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, simple random study that included 300 Iraqi individuals, aged between 30-75 years, who accepted to take part in this study were recruited. Result: Prevalence of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome was (33.66%) and (42%) r

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Analytical Science & Technology
Metal complexes of alizarin and their biological and industrial applications: A literature review
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Alizarin is one of the popularly used and wide separated compounds with a chemical name (1,2- dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone) which belong to the anthraquinones family that contain three aromatic conjugated rings and in the central rings it contains two ketonic groups.1

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