The bourgeoisie groups derived great advantages from the system upon which the Fatimids built up their Regime out the land-tax and other taxes against a fixed sum . The surpulus revenue was the prophet of the farmers . A striking feature of the Fatimid was freedom of enterprise .All sectors of economic life were free-crafts , industry and trade . The government interfered in the trade in victuals only so far to in order to guarantee the supply of wheat to the big towns
The Egyptian Bourgeoisie enjoyed also the great prosperity which was produced among other reasons by the inflationary system of Fatimid economy .
The maintenance of gold dinar being almost pure and of full weight was only possible because Egypt steadily received considerable quantities of gold from the western Sudan, which must have been a strong stimulus for an expanding economy , for the rise in the prices of various goods and for the settling of new enterprises
The great shortage of pure silver dirhams which was felt during the Fatimid reign in Egypt , as in other Near-Eastern countries , did not check this trend
Another major in the remarkable buoyancy of Egypt’s economy in the Fatimid period and the enrichment of the bourgeoisie was the great development of its international trade.
The effect of applied current on protection of carbon steel in 0.1N NaCl solution (pH=7) was investigated under flow conditions (0-0.262 m/s) for a range of temperatures (35-55°C) using rotating cylinder electrode. Various values of currents were applied to protect steel from corrosion, these were Iapp.=Icorr., Iapp.=2Icorr. and Iapp.=2.4Icorr. under stationary and flow conditions. Corrosion current was measured by weight loss method. The variation of protection potential with time and rotation velocity at various applied currents was assessed. It is found that the corrosion rate of carbon steel increases with rotation velocity and
has unstable trend with temperature. The protection current required varies with temperature and it inc
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In the present study, an attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the flexural performance of ten simply supported reinforced concrete gable roof beams, including solid control specimen (i.e., without openings) and nine beams with web openings of different dimensions and configurations. The nine beams with openings have identical reinforcement details. All beams were monotonically loaded to failure under mid-span loading. The main variables were the number of the created openings, the total area of the created openings, and the inclination angle of the posts between openings. Of interest is the load-carrying capacity, cracking resistance and propagation, deformability, failure mode, and strain development that represent the behav
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هدف البحث الى التعرف على العلاقة والاثر بين متغيرات البحث والمتمثلة بأخلاقيات الاعمال بمثابة متغير مستقل بأبعاده ( فريق العمل ، المسؤولية ، السرية ، القواعد والاجراءات الوظيفية ) ومحاسبة المسؤولية بمثابة متغير تابع، ومتغير وسيط هو الثقافة ، تمثل مجتمع البحث بمجموعة من الشركات الصناعية العراقية وتم اخذ عينة قصدية من محاسبي تلك الشركات بلغ عددهم (60) محاسبا حيث تم توزيع الاستبانة عليهم كأداة للبحث وتم تحليلها ب
... Show MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 6 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum and there combination against Fusarium tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum F.sp. Lycopersisi under green house condition .The isolates of bacteria (B3) and Trichoderma (T1) were found to be highly effective in reducing the disease incidence to 13.3% , 21% respectively , compared to control treatment (40%).Furthermore, disease severity was reduced to 28 and 30% respectively in comparison to control (90%) .Colonization of the roots (cfu /g fresh root weight )by the two isolates whether alon or together was extremely high . The combination treatment had a high ability in reducing disease incidenece and sev
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Two field experimسents were conducted in one of the fields of the Agriculture Division of Ain Al-Tamr /Holy Karbala Governorate at two sites of different textures during the agricultural season 2020/2021. The first site has sandy loam texture (gypsum soils). The second site has loamy sand texture (calcareous soils). The factors of the study included: The first factor included two types of soil, gypsum and calcareous soil. The second factor is the tillage systems (no-tillage, spring spike harrows, disc harrows, and mold board plow). The experiment was designed in the two study sites according to the RCBD with three replications. The Valley type center pivot irrigation system was evaluated before planting, three speeds, 30, 50 and 100% of th
... Show MoreOne of the most popular and legally recognized behavioral biometrics is the individual's signature, which is used for verification and identification in many different industries, including business, law, and finance. The purpose of the signature verification method is to distinguish genuine from forged signatures, a task complicated by cultural and personal variances. Analysis, comparison, and evaluation of handwriting features are performed in forensic handwriting analysis to establish whether or not the writing was produced by a known writer. In contrast to other languages, Arabic makes use of diacritics, ligatures, and overlaps that are unique to it. Due to the absence of dynamic information in the writing of Arabic signatures,
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This experiment was holdup in A-Faris poultry farms from 1st March to 11 of Aprile 2019. (ACTH) hormone infusion was tested in this experiment on acid-base regulation in broiler chickens. For 7 days, osmotic pumps dispensed 8 IU of ACTH in saline/kg of BW/d, or the same volume of saline as in ACTH at 1 l/h. On days 0 and 14, after the beginning of the infusions, blood samples were obtained to establish a baseline. The plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl- were decreased, whereas the partial pressure of CO2, anion gap, corticosterone, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and blood concentrations of hemoglobin and HCO - were all elevated due to the ACTH administration. When given ACTH, neither blood pH nor plasma Ca2+ levels changed
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