Abstract
The main question raised in this paper is: Is it possible to translate the ‘genre’
of Quran? And if this ‘genre’ is Quran specific, a ‘genre’ of its own, i.e. a unique one,
how can the Quranic text be translated from Arabic into English or any other
language? This question has been raising a lot of controversy among translation
theorists, linguists, philosophers and scholars of Islam and specialists in the sciences
of Arabic language let alone Quran exegetes. Scholars of the Arabic language and
scholars of Islam have argued that because of the genre of Quran is the genre of (ijaz),
translatability can never be possible. Equivalence, thus, cannot be achieved especially
if we know that so far there has been no unanimous definition of the term.
Therefore, what translators of the Quranic text are involved with is transferring
meaning of the Quranic text. But meaning (content) is encapsulated in the Form
which is distinctly and uniquely rhetorical in Quran. In other words, such an
inextricable content-form relationship should make the process of transferring
meaning not an easy one at all, especially as we know that the Quranic text is sacred
and sensitive.
Thus, the periphrastic way which has already been put forward by Raof
(2001: 6) can be seen as a convenient solution to achieve a degree of approximation
between the source text and the target text.
Having supported the notion of approximation, I opted to choose certain
verses with certain syntactic and lexical aspects from the Quran. The point is to
compare three versions of translations of each verse to see which version is most
approximate to the Quranic text of the verse. The three versions are by Abdullah
Yusuf Ali (non Arab Moslem), Marmaduke Pickthall ( a British national who
converted to Islam) and Ahl-lul-Bait institution ( a Moslem Assembly with Arabic as
mother tongue).
To support my argument, I relied on Al-Mezan Fi-Tafseer Al-Quran (Al-
Mezan Exegesis) by the Moslem scholar Mohammed Hussein Tabatabae (2006) and
the authentic monolingual Arabic Dictionary Lisan Al-Arab (Ibn Manzur: 2005 ed.4).
One main conclusion made in this paper is that the task of translating the meaning of
Quran cannot be rightfully carried out by translators on individual basis. Rather, it
must be institutionalized. There is a need for setting up a special institution entrusted
with such a meticulous job.
Background: five clinical phases were described in patients with chronic (HBV) infection: HBeAg- positive HBV infection, HBeAg- positive chronic HB, HBeAg negative HBV infection, HBeAg-negative CHB and occult HBV infection. Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence of the unclassified phase (gray zone) in chronic hepatitis B patients and its significant in the clinical practice. Patients and methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on 109 patients' who have HBsAg positive for more than 6 months. The data recorded include; HbeAg and anti-HBe Ab, ultrasound of the abdomen, HBV DNA load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), accordingly; we classify the patients to known clinical phases. Patients who were unfit one of these phases
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In this research we prepared nanofibers by electrospinning
from poly (Vinyl Alcohol) / TiO2. The spectrum of the solution
(Emission) was studied at 772 nm. Several process parameter were
Investigated as concentration of PVA, the effect of distance from
nozzle tip to the grounded collector (gap distance), and final the
effect of high voltage. We find the optimum condition to prepare a
narrow nanofibers is at concentration of PVA 16gm, the fiber has
20nm diameter
Generally, different propositions show that culture changes because of many factors, and acculturation has emerged out of important operations which lead to cultural change as a result of contact between different societies or cultures. Since the cultural environment with its varying effects plays a major role in the formulation of architectural products, the research defined its research problem as follows: There is need for knowledge to specify the results of acculturation at the level of plans of house architecture belong to Iraqi elites in Baghdad city during the late Ottoman rule in Iraq(1830-1917). The research depends on the comparative procedure to define the acculturation results, so the plans character of
... Show MoreContracting cancer typically induces a state of terror among the individuals who are affected. Exploring how chemotherapy and anxiety work together to affect the speed at which cancer cells multiply and the immune system’s response model is necessary to come up with ways to stop the spread of cancer. This paper proposes a mathematical model to investigate the impact of psychological scare and chemotherapy on the interaction of cancer and immunity. The proposed model is accurately described. The focus of the model’s dynamic analysis is to identify the potential equilibrium locations. According to the analysis, it is possible to establish three equilibrium positions. The stability analysis reveals that all equilibrium points consi
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The objective of the research is to identify the effect of the five-finger strategy on the holistic thinking of chemistry students in the second intermediate grade, where the sample consisted of 60 female students in a second classfrom one of the intermediate schools in Baghdad city, divided into two groups: control and experimental. The experimental design was based on the partial control; the scientific course was defined in the third and fourth chapters of the science book of the second intermediate grade.The two research tools were prepared: the attainment test with the scientific course and the holistic thinking scale paragraph (36) of multiple-choice pre- and posttest. The results showed a statistically significant difference between
... Show MoreThe study aimed to prepare a measure of metacognitive thinking commensurate with learning the skill, preparing educational units using the Claus Meyer model for metacognitive thinking, and learning the skill of defending the court in volleyball. To identify the effect of educational units using the model (and Claus Meyer) for metacognitive thinking and learning the skill of defending the court in volleyball. The two researchers used the experimental approach with the design of the experimental and control groups.The research community consisted of students of the second stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad for the academic year 2021-2022, whose number is (385) st
... Show Moreمشكلة البحث:-
ان التربية الاسلامية كانت وماتزال تدرس بطرائق لاتتناسب مع ما توصل اليه البحث العلمي في الميدان التربوي في الوقت الحاضر ومن اجل النهوض بهذه المادة وتطويرها لابد من اتباع الطرائق الصحيحة والمناسبة لتدريسها واعطائها حقها في حسن الاعداد وحسن العرض , لذا تطلب البحث عن احدث الاساليب والطرائق التي تثير اهتمام الط
... Show MoreThe study aims to identify the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart according to the energy systems of advanced players and to detect the differences between the energy systems in terms of the mechanical and electrical activities of the heart for advanced players. It was clear from the results of the significance of the differences between the three groups according to the energy systems of the advanced players in all research variables that (the non-oxygenic system "Lactic"), which represents the advanced players in the arches (800 m, 1500 m) was the first in most tests of mechanical and electrical activities of the heart, which is (Margaria-Kalamen, Wingate, systolic muscle strength of the heart FC, Stroke Volume SV
... Show MoreIn this paper, the dynamics of scavenger species predation of both susceptible and infected prey at different rates with prey refuge is mathematically proposed and studied. It is supposed that the disease was spread by direct contact between susceptible prey with infected prey described by Holling type-II infection function. The existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the solution are investigated. The stability constraints of all equilibrium points are determined. In addition to establishing some sufficient conditions for global stability of them by using suitable Lyapunov functions. Finally, these theoretical results are shown and verified with numerical simulations.
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Multimedia is one of the most important elements of modern educational media and must be used in educational websites in order to disseminate knowledge on a large scale and should be used to provide scientific information to all, as the current research tried to explore the possibilities of employing them in the design of educational websites and highlight their role in promoting the scientific aspects of the user. This study included four axes, the first of which was devoted to the introduction which includes the problem of research, its importance, objectives and its objective, temporal and spatial limitations, which were limited to the study of the main pages of Arabic educational websites published in 2019. The second axis contained th
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