Routing protocols are responsible for providing reliable communication between the source and destination nodes. The performance of these protocols in the ad hoc network family is influenced by several factors such as mobility model, traffic load, transmission range, and the number of mobile nodes which represents a great issue. Several simulation studies have explored routing protocol with performance parameters, but few relate to various protocols concerning routing and Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. This paper presents a simulation-based comparison of proactive, reactive, and multipath routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Specifically, the performance of AODV, DSDV, and AOMDV protocols are evaluated and analyz

The approach of the research is to simulate residual chlorine decay through potable water distribution networks of Gukookcity. EPANET software was used for estimating and predicting chlorine concentration at different water network points . Data requiredas program inputs (pipe properties) were taken from the Baghdad Municipality, factors that affect residual chlorine concentrationincluding (pH ,Temperature, pressure ,flow rate) were measured .Twenty five samples were tested from November 2016 to July 2017.The residual chlorine values varied between ( 0.2-2mg/L) , and pH values varied between (7.6 -8.2) and the pressure was very weak inthis region. Statistical analyses were used to evaluated errors. The calculated concentrations by the calib

 Abstract

The objective of the research is to identify the role of innovative leadership in achieving the dimensions of administrative empowerment in the company for the public of food industries. The various variables have shown the importance of innovative leadership to achieve the dimensions of administrative empowerment in both international and local companies. Administrative Empowerment "In order to answer this question, a virtual model was developed to reflect the relationship and impact between innovative leadership and administrative empowerment. The research was based on the analytical descriptive approach.  the research community, The company represented the general company for food industries, retrie

The steady consumption of fish led many researchers to study it preferences over other foods, especially for radioactivity content. The specific activity concentration (S.A) of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have been measured for Cyprinus carpio fishes collected from several industrial fishes' lakes located in Baghdad governorate using gamma spectroscopy doped with high purity germanium coaxial detector (HPGe). Thirteen fishes' samples were collected from industrial lakes, three samples were collected from cages, and two samples were collected from Trigger River. The last two types of samples were collected in order to compare the results with it. The measured overall averages of S.A for Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were 58.

The study aims to predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) as a water quality indicator parameter at spatial and temporal distribution of the Tigris River, Iraq by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. This study was conducted on this river between Mosul and Amarah in Iraq on five positions stretching along the river for the period from 2001to 2011. In the ANNs model calibration, a computer program of multiple linear regressions is used to obtain a set of coefficient for a linear model. The input parameters of the ANNs model were the discharge of the Tigris River, the year, the month and the distance of the sampling stations from upstream of the river. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the distance and discharge

Gaining the relationship between the central government and local governments is great importance especially after the expanded functions of the central government and became unable to carry out their works without all that delegate or transfer parts of its powers to lower levels.

The aims of the research is  to determine the relationship of the central government with the local government in accordance with the principle of administrative decentralization with the presentation of the competent authorities, the control of local governments, according to the Provincial Council Act No. 21 of 2008 amended.

The research has a problem that has been the relationship of the central

The study aims to make an in-depth  analysis and the financial account components in the Iraqi balance of payments because it reflects the economic center of the country towards outside world, it also helps in making decision about monetary and financial policies, finance and foreign Trade the importance of FDI for Iraq lies as an important sources as wells provides advanced technology  and job chances, It also avoids the country negative effects of borrowing processes from abroad . for analyzing direct and indirect foreign investment on the balance of payments and financial account in a period between (2003 to 2015), a community and research sample have been selected, presented in CBI/ Balance of payments. Department,

This research aims to know the impact of leadership integrity as explanatory variable including its dimensions (courage, asceticism, justice, rationality, and humanity) on organizational conflict as responding variable. This research depended on the descriptive- constructive approach through the responses of a sample of (79) employees from (Real Estate Office of The State) in Al-Najaf province. The analyzing of the study done by using (Smart PLS) program to calculate (R^2, t, p). Many results concluded and one of them, there is significant impact correlation of the leadership integrity on organizational conflict. There are many suggestions have been reached depending on the results reached and one of them is the necessity of de