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The Lingual Criticism and Explication of the Narrative Syntax A reading in Roger Fawler’s Critical Attempt
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الخلاصة

يجمع المختصون أن ليس من نقد إلا وكان مُرحِّلا لنظرية لسانية إلى فضائه، فكان أثر اللسانيات السوسيرية، ومن ثم اللسانيات التوليدية التحويلية معروفا، ولم يكن هذا الأثر محدودا باللسانيين أو نقاد الأدب فحسب، بل امتد إلى الشعراء والجماليين أيضا. وفي هذا البحث سنتوقف عند أثر اللسانيات الوظيفية، وهو ما لم يتوقف عنده إلا قلة من المختصين. ولن نقف عند نقد الوظيفيين للشعر، بل سنقف عند نقدهم للرواية، بقراءة ما قدمه (روجر فاولر). وتأتي أهمية هذا البحث من كونه يسلط الضوء على درس نقدي لم يحظ بالشهرة في ثقافتنا العربية، ولم يقف عنده أحد من الدارسين نقدا أو تبنيا، بالرغم من أنه يقدّم حلا مناسبا للخلط السائد في الكثير من الدراسات الأكاديمية أو النقدية بين الفني والموضوعي (البينوي/ السيميائي).

لقد انشغل النقاد المعاصرون بعرض وتطبيق منهج (جيرار جينيت) ومن بعد منهج (غريماس ومدرسته) وأصبحا موضة نقدية متحكمة بمجريات النظر النقدي العربي.. وما نسعى إليه، بعرضنا لنظرية روجر فاولر ونقدنا لها، الانفتاح بدرسنا النقدي نحو ضفاف مختلة قد تثري بحثنا وتدعم نقدنا للنظريات المتداولة، مولدة وجهة نظر تركيبية بالمنجز النقدي، وتحليلية غنية في التعامل مع النص الإبداعي.

وخلصنا إلى القول: إن مساحة النقد اللساني، برغم سعتها المطروحة في أفكار فاولر، إلا أنها مساحة قادرة على منحنا منهجا يمكن له أن يتجاوز الأحادية التي عرفتها العديد من المناهج السائدة، مثل: منهج جينيت، وتأكيده الجانب الفني، ومنهج غريماس، وتأكيده الجانب الثيماتي. والأحادية الأعمق التي عرفتها الدراسات الأسلوبية في بعديها المحلي (العربي) والعالمي. إذ جرى التأكيد على لغة النص وشكله، واستبعد المحتوى. ومن جانب آخر نراه منهجا أكثر مرونة من مناهج تحليل الخطاب التي جرى التسويق لها بقوة مؤخرا. ثم إن مجالنا النقدي بحاجة إلى أن يتسع برؤاه، في الوقوف عند مختلف الاتجاهات النقدية، والتفاعل مع هذا الاتجاه يمكن له أن يكون خصبا معطاءً. لكن من جانب آخر فإن هذا المنهج بسعته المطروحة يمكن أن يكون تلفيقيا مخلا إذا أسيىء تطبيقه، فليس من الممكن اعتماده من قبل الدارس ما لم يكن ملما، إلى حد ما باللسانيات الوظيفية، لكي يحافظ على قاعدة ارتكازه ولا يضيع بين مدارس كان لها أثرها في تشكل نقد فاولر.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic Levels in Shape Variables in Spectacular Films the Indian Film (Main Tera Hero) a Model: غسان محسن حمد
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The spectacular film is a type of feature films which has specific elements that contribute in increasing the aesthetics of the shape in its structure. The researcher started studying this type of films by researching the spectacular film concept, the history of its development, who are its most important stars and then tackling the Indian cinema represented by Bollywood, which is considered a school for this type of film. The researcher addressed the most important influential elements that entre in its production as well as studying these elements that contribute to building the shape including the configuration, movements of cameras, lenses, the lighting, colors, costumes etc. and what influence they have in forming a special aestheti

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The Role of the Iraqi parliament in the adoption of the federal budget after 2005
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Receipt date: 2/2/2021 accepted date: 4/6/2021 Publication date: 12/31/2021

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The approval of the federal general budget in Iraq is one of the most important competencies of the legislative authority , Being one of the important financial and monetary policy instruments on which the state depends for its economic growth , Hence, the obstruction of the approval of the federal b

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
مجلة العلوم السياسية
The Role of the Iraqi parliament in the adoption of the federal budget after 2005
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The approval of the federal general budget in Iraq is one of the most important competencies of the legislative authority , Being one of the important financial and monetary policy instruments on which the state depends for its economic growth , Hence, the obstruction of the approval of the federal budget due to sectarian quotas, the absence of national interest, and the emergence of bargaining processes between political parties belonging to the regions and sectarianism , As well as the absence of economic plans and programs as a result of non-cognition and understanding of the nature of its supposed political system applied in Iraq and the absence of specialists would le

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2019
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
The Social Dimension and Its Role in the Applicability of Smart Cities in Iraq
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Abstract<p>Smart cities are using innovative technological solutions to improve the quality of life and service that citizens and visitors receive. Defined as a digital or ecological city, its services depend on information and communication technology infrastructure, such as intelligent automated traffic systems, advanced security management Services, building systems, and the use of automation in offices and homes. The global trend now towards smart cities, sustainable and green cities and other cities, with different nomenclature, the common denominator is the comfort of the individual and the preservation of natural resources. Adopting smart, sustainable, green, or healthy cities is either t</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluate the implementation of the investment plan projects A study on the field of the plan projects for the period 2013-2016
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The main problem of this research is the delay of implementation of the investment plan projects for the period (2013-2016) and the weakness of the staff ability in the ministries and they don’t have the sufficient experience to carry out the implementation process.

Therefore, the research aims to evaluate the implementation of programs and projects of the investment plan in a manner consistent with the objectives set for them without any wasteful of efforts, time and money. And then identify the problems and obstacles to determine the deviations of the implementation of the specific for each sector according to the criteria of evaluation and the form of cost, quality, time and implementation.<

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Description of nature and the joys of life in Fatimid poetry
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This research deals with the aesthetics of describing nature and the joys of urban life in the environment of Fatimid Egypt, among a group of poets, who were deceived by its enchanting beauty and breathtaking scenery, through it they depicted the reality of the life they live, and the things that involved them, as well as showing their personal culture, and the joys of life that experience, articulating this with a descriptive and analytical study, focusing on how the poet portrayed the visual scene, in an important stage of Arabic literature in Egypt.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Auditing the technical reserves of the aircraft body insurance branch and its reflection on the fairness of the financial statements : applied research in the National Insurance Company
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The research gained its importance from the importance of technical reserves in the insurance activity and its impact on the result of the activity of insurance companies and their financial position and thus reflected on the insurance prices as the technical reserves are one of the most important and most valuable budget items usually, as well as that the insurance activity has a role in maintaining economic development where some countries develop laws and instructions for the formation of those reserves binding application to insurance companies and the fact that the financial statements in general are of interest to shareholders, banks, the General Tax Authority and other beneficiaries In the insurance activity as policyholders and t

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of the international auditing standard IAS 540 "Auditing accounting estimates and related disclosures" in limiting income smoothing practices in the financial statements (from the point of view of Iraqi auditors)
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                The current research aims to show the impact of the international auditing standard IAS 540 in reducing income smoothing practices in Iraq. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted a questionnaire for a sample of auditors in Iraq. Where 60 forms were distributed and after the questionnaire was retrieved and statistical analysis was done using the SPSS program, The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: the existence of a statistically significant effect of the application of the international auditing standard IAS 540 in reducing income smoothing practices, The research recommended the necess

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 02 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The psychological structure of Simha Bin Zion, in the story of A Broken Soul: המבנה הפסיכולוגי של הסופר שמחה בן ציון בסיפורו נפש רצוצה כדוגמה
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The present paper sheds light on the psychological structure of  Simha Bin Zion’s A Broken Soul. After reviewing the biography of the storyteller, it is clear that the hero of the rebellious character in the story of (A Broken Soul) is the writer himself. The storyteller directly begins to depict his psychological sufferings in his childhood days. He tells a story full of sadness and refusal of the neglect he suffered in his childhood. It is obvious that the early five years of Samha bin Zion’s life is considered a period of conflict that participated in the formation of his individual identity. The story represents an outlet for a hidden secret world buried under the layers of his consciousness. It deals with

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe: The history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe
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Abstract
This research shows the history of political conflicts in Zimbabwe, the
merits of the political struggle for power in this country since the British
colonial period, especially after the British administration announced that
Zimbabwe is a local colony of the British Crown in 1923, as the settlement
process against the wide white deprive local people to own and lease land
and low income, as well as the 1961 Constitution, which granted access to
the white powers in accordance with the authority of the top menu for the
existing lower allocated to blacks.
These events and factors led to a national rejection in Zimbabwe,
which crystallized in the form of parties and political organizations through the

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