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Books of plans are a type of writing in Islamic history , its a type of work whose authors have strived to serve as a comprehensive historical encyclopedia, and they focused most of their attention on highlighting the various aspects of the history of Egypt

Abstract

The Umayyad poets tried to invest all artistic tools in order to achieve a measure of creativity in their texts. The phenomenon of visual composition is breaking the familiar writing system, with the aim of increasing the number of possible connotations. The visual in the Umayyad poetry tries to replace it through expression with the visual image, and its manifestations were manifested by the multiplication of punctuation marks in the body of the poetic text and the tearing of the single poetic line by cutting it into several sentences or repetition.

Keywords: visual formation, poetic writing, Umayyad poetry, recipien

Alienation, and Westernization and away, whether forcibly sense exile or voluntary in the sense of migration, it will generate nostalgia, and a sense of overwhelming homesickness spatial or alienation spiritual (emotional) and perhaps alienation resulting from exile or forced deportation by the authority

Books of plans are a type of writing in Islamic history , its a type of work whose authors have strived to serve as a comprehensive historical encyclopedia, and they focused most of their attention on highlighting the various aspects of the history of Egypt. , Especially. urban side. And political, military, scientific, social , economic events.

they  authors in this Type were not satisfied with that only, but they mentioned the stages of the development of architecture and what followed until their time

This study sought to give a general picture of the organizations and formations of the ground forces of the Abbasid army in its first era, in preparation and armament and continuous development of the mechanisms to help maintain the moral and spiritual morale in the fighting.
Therefore, the caliphs' interest in building the army, organizing it, arming it, choosing competent leaders, and providing them with various weapons in terms of production and storage, as well as taking care of fortifying the cities and gaps in determination and determination, and embarked on construction and restoration, where amazing speed and acted according to the circumstances. During the first Abbasid era, there were significant developments in the military

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ÖZET

            Irak’ın osmanlıcada yazılan sayısız elyazmalar çeşitli illerinde bulunur. Bunlardan Irak’ın başkenti olan Bağdat’tır. Irak Ulusal Müzesi Bağdad’ın uygarlık yerlerindendir. Elyazması Evi müzenin en önemli bölümleri sayılır. Orada osmanlıcada yazılan çok değerli elyazmalar bulunur. Bu elyazmalarından  birisini ( fotokopi ) elde edip üzerinde çalışılmaktadır. Eser Antoloji  şeklinde yazılmış. Bu eserden Sadullah Pâşâ’nın On Dokuzuncu Asır Manzumesini seçip ele alınmaktadır.

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العلاقة بين الانتخابات والديمقراطية علاقة قويّة ، ولا يمكن تصور ديمقراطية راسخة في بلد ما بدون وجود انتخابات تُعبر عن الارادة الشعبية في اختيار قادتها وممثليها ، وغالباً تكون الانتخابات المعيار المُعبر عن الدور الذي تؤديه في ترسيخ الديمقراطية ، وتتفاوت الادوار التي تؤديها الانتخابات تبعاً لطبيعة النظام السياسي والنظام الانتخابي المعمول به في هذا البلد أو ذاك ، ولجوء النظام السياسي الى الانتخابات لا يعني ب