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The Effect of Acidity Level on Ions Released and Corrosion of Metal Orthodontic Appliances at Different Time Intervals (An In vitro Study)
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ABSTRACT Background: This study measured the effects of three parameters pH value, length of immersion and type of archwire on metal ions released from orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Ninety maxillary halves simulated fixed orthodontic appliances that were immersed in artificial saliva of different pH values (6.75, 5 and 3.5) during 28 day period. Three types of archwires were used: stainless steel, nickel titanium and thermal activated nickel titanium. The quantity of nickel and chromium ions was determined with the use of atomic force spectrophotometer while iron ions by spectrophotometer. Each orthodontic set was weighted two times, before the ligation and immersion in the artificial saliva and after 28 days at the end of immersion period using analytic balance device. Results: The release different metal ions was observed: nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe)). Statistically analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used. Results showed that (1) the appliances released measurable quantities ofall ions examined; (2) the change in pH had a very strong effect on the release of ions; (3) the release of ions was dependent on wire composition, but it was not proportionalto the content of metal in the wire and (4) orthodontic samples showed decreases in the weight at the end of the study. Conclusion: Levels of released ions are sufficient to cause delayed allergic reactions. This must be taken into account when type of archwire is selected, especially in patients with hypersensitivityor compromised oral hygiene.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The tax planning and its effect on the investment: On sample of Iraqi Contribution Company
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The importance of the current study  lies in the  importance of the  Tax policy that  being considered one of the most important tools working on fulfilling  the  social,  financial  and economic  goals  and improving  the investment environment  in the country  to become  having the ability to  activate the  national economy. The current study  has  referred  that  (  Has  the  tax planning  practiced by  the Iraqi  contribution  companies  led to increase  the  far-term tax  outcome through  getting  benefit of   the monetary  funds  and expansion in&nbs

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Account the expected values ??for a single particle to a group of atoms and ions
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Technique was used to retail for analyzing atom beryllium ion cathode of an atom lithium to six pairs of functions wave which two ?????? and the rest of the casing moderation and to analyze atom lithium ion Mob atom beryllium to three pairs of functions wave pair of casing and the rest of the casing moderation using function wave Hartree Fock and each casing email wascalculate expected values ??....

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 23 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
New Mode for 4 mm Path Irradiation and One Side Detection at 0–180° for Cu (II)ion Determination in Different Samples using On-Line Continuous Flow Feed and Simplified, Sensitive, and Portable Photometer
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
In vitro Evaluation of Tinidazole Bioadhesive Vaginal Gels
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         Many trials were made to prepare Tinidazole 2% as bioadhesive vaginal gels using different gel bases including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (3 and 4% w/w), methylcellulose (3 and 4%w/w) and    carboxymethylcellulose (2 and 3% w/w) .Swelling index of the polymers,pH , viscosity , bioadhesive force , and in-vitro drug release to the simulating vaginal fluid (S.V.F.) were investigated for all the prepared bioadhesive gels . The mechanism of drug release from the gel bases was also investigated.

The results revealed that C MC 3% gave the highest viscosity and bioadhesive strength with the lowest release rate while lowest viscosity and bioadhesive force

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONSUMERS ATTITUDE ON THE MEAT HYGIENE SLAUGHTERED IN AND OUTSIDETHE SLAUGHTER HOUSEES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONSUMERS ATTITUDE ON THE MEAT HYGIENE SLAUGHTERED IN AND OUTSIDETHE SLAUGHTER HOUSEES
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The study was conducted to assess the attitude and awareness of a sample of people regarding the indiscriminate slaughter and its effects on health and the environment compared with slaughtering  in a slaughterhouse. The sample consisted of 120 persons from six equal professional groups contacted with the butchery labour (livestock keeper, truck driver, butcher, veterinarian, shopkeeper and consumer). The age ranged 22-76 years old, mean 52±10  years, lived ≥ 5 years in the Baghdad city. The results showed that there is a preference for slaughtering inside the slaughterhouse due to the presence of veterinary examination, slaughtering and preparing meat in a healthy, easy-to-clean places, unlike the indiscriminate sla

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
World Journal Of Dentistry
Obturation of Lateral Canals by a New Reciprocating Spreader and a Conventional Finger Spreader by Lateral Condensation Technique: in vitro Comparative Study
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Publication Date
Thu May 23 2019
Journal Name
The International Journal Of Artificial Organs
Real-time classification of shoulder girdle motions for multifunctional prosthetic hand control: A preliminary study
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In every country in the world, there are a number of amputees who have been exposed to some accidents that led to the loss of their upper limbs. The aim of this study is to suggest a system for real-time classification of five classes of shoulder girdle motions for high-level upper limb amputees using a pattern recognition system. In the suggested system, the wavelet transform was utilized for feature extraction, and the extreme learning machine was used as a classifier. The system was tested on four intact-limbed subjects and one amputee, with eight channels involving five electromyography channels and three-axis accelerometer sensor. The study shows that the suggested pattern recognition system has the ability to classify the sho

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
INVESTIGATION OFsHLA-GAND IT’S RECEPTOR (LILRB4) IN IRAQI PATIENTS INFECTED WITH L. INFANTUMAND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE LEVEL OF IL-12
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Visceral leishmaniasis(VL) or kala-azar is one of the world most neglected tropical diseases in mortality and fourth in morbidity, rK39 dipstick was used to diagnose the suspected infected patients as easiest and rapid technique for VL diagnostic, the disease out-coming required to the differentiation of cell mediated immunity either T-helper 1(Th-1) or (Th-2). One of main pointers that may be considered as one of immune evasion strategy in the host-parasite interplay is HLA-G level alteration. HLA-G Known as a special proteins (non-classical HLA class I) molecules which can suppress the immune system by T-cell functions impaired in the aid with target receptors as LILRB4. The development of the cell mediated immunity initiated with Interle

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
A comparison and classification of land use land cover to estimate their effect on environment: case study in Baghdad city
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Abstract<p>This study compared and classified of land use and land cover changes by using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) on two cities (Al-Saydiya city and Al-Hurriya) in Baghdad province, capital of Iraq. In this study, Landsat satellite image for 2020 were used for (Land Use/Land Cover) classification. The change in the size of the surface area of each class in the Al-Saydiya city and Al-Hurriya cities was also calculated to estimate their effect on environment. The major change identified, in the study, was in agricultural area in Al-Saydiya city compare with Al-Hurriya city in Baghdad province. The results of the research showed that the percentage of the green </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Comparative Evaluation of Apical Seal Associated with Ultrasonic Retrograde Cavities Filled with Bioactive Material ( in Vitro Study )
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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage around retrograde cavities prepared with ultrasonic technique and filled with (Biodentineâ„¢) Materials and methods: 40 extracted single rooted human permanent maxillary teeth with mature apices were selected. The roots were prepared chemo-mechanically using k-files with crown-down technique and then obturated with lateral condensation gutta-percha technique. Teeth were divided into four main groups according to the cavity preparation method either manual or ultrasonic technique: Group A (n=10): A class I retrograde cavity at root end was prepared with traditional handpeice equipped and placement of Biodentine with manual condensation. Group B (n=10):

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