Background: Studying and investigating the transverse strength(Ts), impact strength(Is), hardness (Hr) and surface roughness(Ra) of conventional and modified autopolymerizing acrylic resin with different weight percentages of biopolymer kraftlignin, after curing in different water temperatures; 40°C and 80°C. Material and Methods: Standard acrylic specimens were fabricated according to ADA specification No.12 for transverse strength, ISO 179 was used for impact testing, Shore D for hardness and profilometerfor surface roughness. The material lignin first dispersed in the monomer, then the powder PMMA is immediately added. Ligninadded in different weight percentages. Then cured using pressure pot (Ivomet) in two temperatures;40°C and 80°C under 2 bar pressure, for 30 minutes.Atotal of 144samples were prepared for this study. Ts, Is, Ra, and Hr were tested, by using Instron universal testing machine, charpy impact tester, shore D tester, and profilometer respectively. Results: The transverse strength increased in both the conventional and modified onewhen compared with that cured in air. The addition of 0.5wt% lignin gave the higher effect (78.0017MPa) with highly significant difference found between groups at 40°C polymerizing temperature. While the impact strength in both temperatures in the modified resin revealed increased results than conventional one, 1.25wt% of kraft lignin gave the highest value (12.7355KJ/m2) with highly significant differences found between groups at 80°C polymerizing temperature. Hardness and surface roughness showed also highly significant differences found between groups at 40°C polymerizing temperature, all the groups had increased Hr. than the control one (78.95), while the Ra. decreased for 1.0% ,1.25,1.50 and 1.75 wt% lignin content to (0.26,0.10,0.063, 0.12µm) respectively in 40°C polymerizing temperature, the lowest value present in 1.75 wt% lignin (0.05 µm) at 80°Cpolymerizing temperature. Conclusions: It seems that increasing the polymerizing temperature to 40°C had a positive effect on the mechanical properties of autopolymerizing acrylic resin and the one enforced by kraft lignin biopolymer in low percentages. Increasing the polymerizing temperature to 80°C will doesn’t have much positive effect but it doesn’t deteriorate the mechanical properties. However, when submitted to increasing the temperature to 80°C, specimens showed a significant increase in impact strength.
This research includes the study of dual data models with mixed random parameters, which contain two types of parameters, the first is random and the other is fixed. For the random parameter, it is obtained as a result of differences in the marginal tendencies of the cross sections, and for the fixed parameter, it is obtained as a result of differences in fixed limits, and random errors for each section. Accidental bearing the characteristic of heterogeneity of variance in addition to the presence of serial correlation of the first degree, and the main objective in this research is the use of efficient methods commensurate with the paired data in the case of small samples, and to achieve this goal, the feasible general least squa
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The survey and checklist of invasive species of the insects in some different localities of Iraq are revised; 24 invasive species were documented until December 2018 during the current investigations. The species distributions, common names and synonyms are given.
The current investigation included all of exotic species in Iraq, which are not collected during this study.
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Found through the study of tissues Alnbarh and domestic focus where a direct impact on the development of the larvae mature into pupae and then to adults appeared to clay soils have a negative impact more than sandy soil at different concentrations salt where as it turns out that the percentage of evolution fly larvae worm Lhalzonnih of the ancient worldadult to have reached more than 80%
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The aim of the current research is to measure the sense of coherence among individuals with physical disabilities. The researcher adopted a scale of (29) paragraphs spread over three domains designed by Antonovski (1993) to measure the sense of coherence. A sample of (210) disabled individuals was chosen randomly to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The result showed a lack of sense of coherence among the sample.
China's economic policy and its huge capabilities operate according to an expansion strategy, especially in investing foreign projects, as the past ten years have witnessed a major development in the elements of comprehensive strength, especially in the economic field, in 2014 China launched the largest initiative in the world, represented by the Belt and Road Project (BRI), which links nearly 70 countries, through this project, a very important region has emerged, which is (the port of cadres) in Pakistan, as China has headed towards that region and given the highest importance that is in its interest in the first place regardless of the great Pakistani interest, This is consistent with its future aspirations, especially after breaking
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With the twenty - First century, It becomes clear to us that for 110 years the Japanese - Chinese relations have been witnessing big radical events and developments. ( we take the year of 1949 as the starting date for this relations). In order to prove hypothesis the study divided in to four chapters. - The first chapter deals with explaining the factors of the subject of the Japanese - Chinese relations which described as Indirect threat and aggressive relations from Japan to China after the Second World War by Japanese entering in the American world strategy, in order to destroy the communist china's system which decleard in 1949, because the united states understood that the new system in Beijing could threat American's Interest
... Show MoreAbstract:In this research we prepared nanofibers by electrospinning from poly (Vinyl Alcohol) / TiO2. The spectrum of the solution (Emission) was studied at 772 nm. Several process parameter were Investigated as concentration of PVA, the effect of distance from nozzle tip to the grounded collector (gap distance), and final the effect of high voltage. We find the optimum condition to prepare a narrow nanofibers is at concentration of PVA 16gm, the fiber has 20nm diameter.
The interaction in the city is reflected in the movement of people motivated by their activities and their economic and social goals, which include many variables subject to the planning process in the interpretation of this movement and the mapping of trends of transport intensity through the concept of transport function and its functional relationships with the uses of the earth in the sustainability and effectiveness of the movement of transport and Economic activity and population movement. Transport planners are concerned with the requirements of land use, which are linked to and included in the transport planning process as a factor for the future transport needs. There is a strong relationship between the transport system
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