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The Effect of Remineralizing Toothpastes on Enamel Surface Roughness after Hybrid Laser Bleaching (An In vitro Study)
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Background: one of the complications of power bleaching is surface roughness of enamel which increases the possibility of post bleaching teeth discoloration. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of toothpaste containing nano hydroxyapatite, NovaMin and kin sense fluoride on surface roughness of human tooth enamel after laser bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel. Materials and Methods: Twenty human enamel incisors were cleaned and their labial surface polished up to #1200, then categorized into four equal groups; first group kept without bleaching as a control group, while the remaining three experimental groups were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide, and each group treated with a restore paste containing one of the following: nano hydroxyapatite, NovaMin, and Kin fluoride. Bleaching was done with laser hybrid system (DMC Whitening Lase II, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Enamel roughness values assessed by an atomic force microscopy (AA3000, Bosten, USA) before and after treatment with restore tooth paste. Results: Paired t-test used to compare the mean roughness values before and after treatment with each restore paste. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc tests used to determine the differences between mean roughness values of the groups. A p-value of 0.05 or less considered a significant. The results showed a highly significant statistical differences of remineralization of all types of restore tooth pastes. Conclusions: Nano hydroxyapatite past exhibiting a higher ability to reduce the surface roughness after laser bleaching than other tested pastes.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2024
Journal Name
Misan Journal For Physical Education Sciences
A comparative study of the reasons for the reluctance of female physical education teachers in “Baqubah” to participate in refereeing sports competitions according to the variable of years of service
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When searching for an answer to the following question: What are the reasons for the reluctance of female physical education teachers in secondary schools to referee sports competitions according to the variable of years of service? It was found that the research aimed to reveal the differences between the opinions of the research sample of physical education teachers in secondary schools (girls) about refereeing sports competitions according to the variable of years of service. To achieve the research goal, it is assumed that there are significant differences between the average opinions of the research sample of female teachers and their reluctance and the reasons for the differences in the practice of refereeing sports competitions accor

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational Culture Impact in Enhancing Job Performance A Case Study in the Modern Paint Industries Company
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          The organizational culture is considered as an important topic. In this research, this topic was studied in modern paints Industries Company to assess its role in job performance and to show if there is this relationship between them or no. it is, also, attempted to measure this strength of this relationship if any. The 40 cases research sample was chosen. This sample included the chief executive, his assistants, key managers, and their assistants. The questioner consists of two sets of questions : the first set ( concerning the organizational culture) covers six variables (Physical structures , Symbols

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of a Training Program to Develop the Skill of Organizing Time for the Kindergarten Department Students
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The current research aims to identify the time-management skills based on the post-test of the experimental group as well as to examine the effect of a training program on developing the skills of managing time among the study sample. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher designed a scale of time management skill included (30) paragraphs. The research reached that the training program is significantly effective in managing and organizing time. There are statistically significant differences in pre-posttest between the experimental and control groups.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Director's leadership features and Impact on productive efficiency Study at Iraqi general insurance company: Study at Iraqi general insurance company
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أدى التغير السريع في البيئة الخارجية للمنظمة إلى  ظهور حالة من التنافس الشديد مما زاد تخوف الشركات من فقدان الحصة السوقية والخسارة . مما حدا بالمنظمات إلى الاهتمام بوجود مدير يحمل صفات وخصائص قيادية لما فيه من ميزات في تنظيم الإنتاج  ومقابلة الطلب وتقليل التكاليف وتطوير الأداء للحصول على ميزة تنافسية تحافظ او تزيد من حصتها السوقية وإرباحها .

تسعى الدراسة الى تحديد عدد من الاهداف كان اهمها معرفة الع

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Assessing the Impact of reformation in wise Administration of Ruling and constant development : A study of Arab Political
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The research has been talked on specific an important notions concerning with the dimensions of effectiveness of good governance and sustainable development inside all Arab states, So that the scientific article reflected the role of investments in various sections of institutional business by draw attention toward different projects about analyzing the whole political reality according to the standard indications of political and social stability on the regional level and international aspects. Therefore, the study resembled scientific contains and the dimensions of political reform and administrative overhauling within governmental system in order to achieve all raw objectives for sustainable development. All international and

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Diagnosis of factors affecting the strategic implementation of sewage projects ( Case study in General Directorate of sewage projects )
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  This  Research aim to identify the factors affecting the strategic implementation of sewage projects and to seek to activate the real follow-up of projects to identify the factors that accompany their implementation, The study included a sample of the projects of the investment plan implemented for the Directorate General of sewage in the governorates of Iraq, which was completed during the six years period (2010-2016). The sample of the research was four projects: The project of implementation and processing of the treatment plant and the lifting station and the conveyor line for the project of IMARA/The third stage/Al-Sanaf marshland , The project of the processing and implementation of the treatment plant with the

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
A Comparative Study between Computer Textbooks Content in the Secondary Stage and Computer Textbooks Content in the University Stage in Colleges of Education at Baghdad University
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Record, verify, and showcase your peer review contributions in a format you can include in job and funding applications (without breaking reviewer anonymity).

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 19 2023
Journal Name
Nasaq Journal
The impact of the Roundhouse strategy on the achievement of the fifth grade secondary school in physics and their pivotal thinking
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The aim of the research is to study the effect of the roundhouse strategy on the achievement of fifth grade secondary school in physics and their pivotal thinking. The experiment has been applied for obtaining the data, which were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the results revealed that the students of the experimental group who studied using the roundhouse strategy was superior to the students of the control group who studied in the traditional method in the achievement exam. The results also show that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the pivotal thinking exam, in favor of the experimental gr

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Reflection of the Adoption of IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” on the Procedures for Auditing Insurance Contracts in the Iraqi Environment
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          IFRS 17 aims to provide a unified basis for accounting for all types of insurance contracts, including reinsurance contracts, in a manner that benefits both investors and insurance companies and enhances the ability of the financial statements of insurance companies for comparison between companies listed in financial markets around the world. According to this standard, insurance contracts are accounted for on the basis of the Asset-Liability Approach and the use of fair values that the standard requires updating regularly in order to provide more useful information to the users of financial statements, as a result of the failure of reporting requirements for insurance contr

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 07 2026
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Altmtip impact exercises in raising the dynamic range of the skill of the backward straight step down on the balance beam.
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