Background: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires have become increasingly popular because of their ability to release constant light forces, which are especially useful during initial alignment and leveling phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the load–deflection characteristics of four commercially available NiTi archwires. Materials and methods: 200 NiTi 0.014, 0.016, 0.018, 0.016x0.022 and 0.019x0.025-inch nickel–titanium archwires from four different manufacturers (3M, Ortho Technology, Jiscop and Astar) were tested. The load-deflection properties of these archwires were evaluated by a full arch bending test in both palatal and gingival directionsat 37°C temperature using a universal material testing machine. Forces generated at maximumloading of 2mm and at unloading of 1.5mm were measured. Results: All the tested NiTi wires showed an increase in loading and unloading force with increased wire dimension.Generally, 3M gave the most flexible round wires and relatively stiff rectangular wires; with linear load deflection curves. Ortho Technology wires were flexible. Jiscop gave the stiffest round wires and the most flexible rectangular wires. Astar wires were stiff which gave the highest force levels during unloading. Conclusion: Force levels vary greatly from brand to brand and soNiTi wire brands must be selected with consideration to their load-deflection characteristics and mechanical properties.
This experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Baghdad, during autumn 2021 growing season to investigate possibility study of increase lettuce antioxidant and biological yield, growing and producing lettuce hydroponically under film technique (NFT) using a globally approved standard solution (Cooper solution), Nested design with three replications adopted in the experiment, each of them included in main plot the first factor, which is LED light (B and R), Then levels of second factor were randomly distributed within each replicate, which included spraying with organic nutrients which was Cymbopogon citratus and Hibiscus sabdariffa at two
In this work, effects of using different evaporative cooling pads (ECPs) on the energetic and exergetic efficiency of a direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) have been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Three types of ECPs were used, i.e., honeycomb cellulose cooler pad (HCCP), shading-cloth cooler pad (SCCP), and aspen wood wool cooler pad (AWWCP). For SCCP and AWWCP, a 3-cm pad thickness was used, while for the HCCP, three different values of pad thickness were used, i.e., 3, 5, and 7 cm. Tests were carried out using air velocities of 8, 14, and 19 m/s, measured at the DEAC outlet. Engineering equation solver (EES) used for performing the required calculations of the various parameters affecting the thermal performance of the D
... Show MoreThe path and its nodal purposes
Abstract
This study has come to indicate the doctrinal purposes of faith in this path، It was composed of an introduction and four demands، as follows:
The first requirement: the intentions of distinguishing between the ranks of people according to divine justice، as those who pass by him are different. Some of them are safe by his work، surviving from the fire، and some of them are not peace، he falls into the fire of Hell، and all of them are different in their ranks in a manner consistent with the justice of God Almighty and the works they have given themselves.
The second requirement: the purposes of divine mercy in honoring the Prophet and his nation on the path and embodying their
Mottos Of Opposition Movements In iraq during the umayyad period and their religious and political indications - al shia and al khawarij
Balance is considered one of the most important components of physical activity in individual and team sports because it allows proper motor response and performance accuracy. The problem of the research lies in the lack of model for motor balance tests in the field of sports that require different positions and movements for classifying, selecting, diagnosing, and comparing athletes. The importance of the research lies in designing a test for motor balance as a reference for specialists in the field of sports and sport sciences. The subjects were first year College of physical education and sport sciences students / Baghdad University 2016 – 2017. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers con
... Show MoreBACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis (AA) remains a complex case even for experienced surgeons. Rate of negative appendectomy is 5–40% and delayed intervention result in perforated appendicitis in 5–30% of cases. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate NPT as a marker for the diagnosis of AA concerning its severity. And compare the diagnostic value of it with the ALV scoring system. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients presented with signs and symptoms of AA and underwent appendectomy, only 84 patients proved to be AA by histopathological examination, were included in the study. Blood samples for neopterin (NPT) estimation and Alvarado (ALV) score was calculated. Control group consists of 45 healthy individual. RESULTS: NPT levels were s
... Show MoreTriticale is a hybrid of wheat and rye grown for use as animal feed. In Florida, due to its soft coat, triticale is highly vulnerable to Sitophilus oryzae L. (rice weevil) and there is interest in development of methods to detect early-instar larvae so that infestations can be targeted before they become economically damaging. The objective of this study was to develop prediction models of the infestation degree for triticale seed infested with rice weevils of different growth stages. Spectral signatures were tested as a method to detect rice weevils in triticale seed. Groups of seeds at 11 different levels (degrees) of infestation, 0–62%, were obtained by combining different ratios of infested and uninfested seeds. A spectrophotometer wa
... Show MoreThis study has been performed for knowing the nutritional and chemical content of one kind chamomile tea for infant and children available in the pharmacy. The results have been showed that the percentage of essential compounds which represented with moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and calories as 7.09%,0.01%,0.01%,92,81%, 0.08% and 371,37 Kal./100g, respectively of dry weight. Also the results have been showed that the percentage of chamomile plant extract that added to the tea as 5.74%. And the result of chemical test for effective materials in alcoholic extract showed consist Tannis, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Alkialoids,and Resins.
A simple analytical method was used in the present work for the simultaneous quantification of Ciprofloxacin and Isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations. UV-Visible spectrophotometry has been applied to quantify these compounds in pure and mixture solutions using the first-order derivative method. The method depends on the first derivative spectrophotometry using zero-cross, peak to baseline, peak to peak and peak area measurements. Good linearity was shown in the concentration range of 2 to 24 µg∙mL-1 for Ciprofloxacin and 2 to 22 µg∙mL-1 for Isoniazid in the mixture, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9990 and 0.9989 respectively using peak area mode. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were
... Show MoreBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that involves autoantibodies attacking and weakening joints. RA is characterized by leukocyte (Monocyte, Lymphocyte mast cell .etc) infiltrations into the synovial compartment leading to inflammation in the synovial membrane. Synovitis leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, chemokines, complement proteins, and growth factors. Objective: The current study pointed to verify the diagnostic values of interleukin -17 A and interleukin -18 in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and the effect of treatment thereon. Study subjects and methods: A total of 88 samples with RA were selected from the health clinics of AL-Yarmouk
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