Background: Complete removal of filling material from the root canal is an essential requirement for endodontic retreatment. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate and compare the dissolving capabilities of various solvents (Xylene, Eugenate Desobturator, Eucalyptol, EDTA and Distilled water (as a control)) on four different types of sealer (Endofill, Apexit Plus, AH Plus and EndoSequence bioceramic sealer). Materials and method: Eighty samples of each sealer were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions and then divided into ten groups (of 8 samples) for immersion in the respective solvents for 2 and 5 min immersion periods. Each sealer specimen was weighed to obtain its initial mass. The specimens were immersed in

In the present study, the effects of brake pad particles of lung and liver histological sections were evaluated for (60) adult male mice. The animals were divided into three groups ( A,B,C) according to the periods of exposure (4, 8, and 12) weeks respectively exposed to brake pad particles in addition to the control groups (F) exposed to fresh air only. A special inhalation chamber designed locally has been used to expose the animals. The exposure to brake pad particles was (2.228) µg/m³ for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for (4,8and12) weeks respectively.

The examination in group (A) of the histological sections of the lung showed the thickness of interalveolar septa.  Also, a congestion of alveolar capillary was marked indicat

Nanocomposite was prepared using unsaturated polyester (UP) resin as a matrix and graphene nanoparticles as a reinforcement material in six percentage weights (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 1 and 1.5%). Mechanical, calorimetric and thermal studies were performed on the (UP) resin/graphene nanocomposite. All tests showed a clear improvement of all mechanical properties examined (hardness, flexural strength (F.S), impact strength (I.S) and tensile strength (T.S)) with increasing graphene percentage. In addition, the temperature of glass transition and thermal conductivity of this composite increased with increasing graphene content.

In the present paper a low cost mechanical vibration shaker of rotating unbalanced type with uniaxial shaking table was designed and constructed in an attempt to provide opportunities for experimental testing and application of vibration in experimental modal analysis, stress relief of weldments, effect of vibration on heat transfer and seismic testing of civil engineering structures. Also, it provides unexpressive solution to enhance the knowledge and technical skills of students in mechanical vibration laboratory. The shaker consists of a five main parts shaker frame, shaker table, flexible support, drive motor, and eccentricity mechanism. The experimental results show that the amplitude of the shaker is increased with increasing the f

Background: In this study, the female reproductive system of Columba oenas was examined during the egg laying stage, focusing on its general structure and microscopic characteristics. Methods: Obsessive monitoring operations were performed, as well as different parts of the egg canal, which include infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. Result: These parts showed clear anatomical differences, each with special textile features that seem to play distinctive roles related to the growth and movement of eggs. In magnum it was found that the bulk contains clear mucous folds and many secretory glands. The isthmus had a star-shaped lumen and was lined with a false cylindrical epithelium. In the uterus, branching tube glands, ric

This study presents a histological comparison of the esophagus between squirrels and mongooses, illustrating herbivorous and carnivorous dietary adaptations, respectively. Histological sections were examined from both species to compare the tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia. Esophageal samples were collected from adult specimens that were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome, then examined microscopically. Results revealed that squirrels exhibited a thick wall with non-keratinized epithelium and fully striated muscularis, reflecting a plant-based diet. In contrast, mongooses displayed regional variation in wall thickness and thinner mucosa in the upper third and a transition from s

Background: An accurate adaptation of the crown to the finish line is essential to minimize cement dissolution and to preserve periodontium in fixed partial denture cases. An accurate adaptation of crown is possible only when preparation details are captured adequately in the impression and transferred to cast. For these reasons, gingival displacement is necessary to capture subgingival preparation details.The aim of the present study is to measure in vivo the horizontal displacement of the gingival sulcus obtained by using three new cordless retraction materials (Magic Foam Cord®, Racegel and Astringent Retraction Paste) in comparison to medicated retraction cord. Materials and method: Thirty-two patients requiring porcelain fused to me

The current research aimed to conducting two experiments to study the effect of coating hatching eggs with nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and nano-silica dioxide (nano-SiO2) particles and their mixture with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the characteristics of hatching percentage, embryo growth inside the egg. The study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the period from 19/3/2023 to 17/9/2024. It aimed to evaluate the coating of hatching eggs with Nano-TiO2 and Nano-SiO2 particles and their mixture with carboxymethyl cellulose CMC on the qualities of hatching percentage, embryo growth inside the egg, as well as trying to obtain the best and longest storage method for fert

The aim of this study to investigate the tongue morphology and histology in house gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis using light and scanning electron –microscopy (SEM ) technique.The morphology result revealed the presence of three parts : apex , body and lingual root .The light microscopy result showed that the tongue is covered with mucous membrane composed of non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium based on lamina propria which contain bundles of striated muscles its fibers in different directions including connective tissue , blood vessels and nerves. The lingual mucosa of the dorsal surface is covered with different pattern of lingual papillae which are widely distributed all over the dorsal surface except the apex. Noticed on t

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect addition of polyester fibers on the some mechanical properties of heat cured acrylic resin (implant strength, flexural strength and hardness) Materials and methods: Ninety specimens were used in the study. Thirty specimens were used for impact strength measurements (80mm X 10mm X 4mm) length, width and thickness respectively. The specimens divided into three test groups (n=10), first group formed from heat cure acrylic resin without fiber reinforcement. Second group was formed from heat cure acrylic resin was reinforced with 2 mm length polyester fiber and third group was formed from heat cure acrylic resin reinforced with 4mm length polyester fiber, impact strength measured by impact test