Background: Heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) the principal material for the fabrication of denture base have a relatively poor mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glass flakes used as reinforcement on the surface hardness and surface roughness of the heat-processed acrylic resin material. Material and method: Glass flakes (product code: GF002) pretreated with silane coupling agent were added to Triplex® denture base powder using different concentrations. A total of 100 specimens of similar dimensions (65 x 10 x 2.5) mm were prepared, subdivided into 2 main groups of 50 specimens for each of the study tests. Ten specimens for the control group and 40 specimens for each of the experimental groups (2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) glass flakes content. The surface hardness was evaluated using the Shore D hardness test, while the surface roughness was evaluated using a profilometer device that detect the geometry of the specimen unpolished surface. Results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the 1-way analysis of variance, (P-value 0.05). Results: The surface hardness tended to increase significantly p˂ 0.05 with the increasing flakes concentration, as an increase of 5.12% was recorded in surface hardness for the highest loading level; while the roughness showed a significant increase that remained within the tolerable range –less than 2µm– (significant bacterial colonization would occur if the surface roughness is more than 2µm). Conclusion: The addition of glass flakes to heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) enhanced the hardness of the material, the improvement was statistically significant for the higher glass flakes concentrations (5% and7%), while for the surface roughness there were a constant increase in roughness along with the increasing glass flakes content
The research aims to identify the effect of the training program that is based on integrating futuristic thinking skills with classroom interaction patterns on mathematics teachers in order to provide their students with creative solution skills. The research sample consisted of 31teachers (15 teachers for the experimental group and 16 for the control groups). The researcher developed a measure for the academic self-efficacy consisting of (39) items. Its validity, reliability, coefficient of difficulty and discriminatory power were estimated. To analyze the findings, the researcher adopted the Mann-Whitney (U) test and the effect size, and the findings were as follows: There is a statistically significant difference at the significance leve
... Show MoreObjectives of this project were to study the effect of 60% crude alcoholic extract of the seeds of cyperus esculentuson induced endometritis in the mice . The plant of cyperus esculentuswas extracted by preparing Alcoholic extract 60% . One hundred microliters of saline containing Escherichia coli (104cfu) was used to induce endometritis, by a single intracervicallyinjection, and endometritis developed after 2 days from injection. The mice were divided into five groups, The first group were treated with alcoholic extract of cyperus esculentusextract 150mg/kg body weight, the second group was treated with a daily 3mg per kg body weight of gentamicin given intra peritoneal,The third group was treated by 75mg/kg of cyperus esculentusextract an
... Show MoreIn this paper, we investigate the impact of fear on a food chain mathematical model with prey refuge and harvesting. The prey species reproduces by to the law of logistic growth. The model is adapted from version of the Holling type-II prey-first predator and Lotka-Volterra for first predator-second predator model. The conditions, have been examined that assurance the existence of equilibrium points. Uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the system have been achieve. The local and global dynamical behaviors are discussed and analyzed. In the end, numerical simulations are confirmed the theoretical results that obtained and to display the effectiveness of varying each parameter
In this study, the energy charging mechanism is mathematically modeled to determine the impact of design modifications on the thermofluidic behavior of a phase change material (PCM) filled in a triplex tube containment geometry. The surface area of the middle tube, where the PCM is placed, is supported by single or multi-internal frustum tubes in vertical triplex tubes to increase the performance of the heating and cooling of the system. In addition to the ordinary straight triplex tubes, three more scenarios are considered: (1) changing the middle tube to the frustum tube, (2) changing the inner tube to the frustum tube, and (3) changing both the internal and central tubes to the frustum tubes. The impact of adopting the tube desig
... Show MoreRapid population growth and the development of industries result in an increase in solid waste. Glass, which represents a large proportion of solid waste, can be used in construction applications. The utilization of recycled glass waste in the asphalt mixture is considered an environmentally-friendly application. In this laboratory study, glass bottles were recycled by crushing, grinding, and sieving them into particles that pass through sieve No. 200 to be used as a partial replacement for the filler in the hot mixture asphalt of wearing course Type-A. The ratios (4, 4.3, 4.6, 4.9, 5.2,5.5) were used to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC), and three ratios (30, 60, and 90) were used for the replacement of limestone powder filler to
... Show MoreThis research aims to test the ability of glass waste powder to adsorb cadmium from aqueous solutions. The glass wastes were collected from the Glass Manufacturing Factory in Ramadi. The effect of concentration and reaction time on sorption was tested through a series of laboratory experiments. Four Cd concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80) as each concentration was tested ten times for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 min. Solid (glass wastes) to liquid was 2g to 30ml was fixed in each experiment where the total volume of the solution was 30ml. The pH, total dissolved salts and electrical conductivity were measured at 30ºC. The equilibrium concentration was determined at 25 minutes, thereafter it was noted that the sorption
... Show MoreThe research aims to examine the integration effect among resource consumption accounting (RCA) system and the enterprise resource planning (ERP) on both costs reduction and quality improvement. The study questioner form distributed to two different respondents as the unit of analysis. The research reached various conclusions most important of which is the integration relationship can help solve the special difficulties in managing the economic unit data. Moreover, the integration provides a clear picture of the causal relationships between resources, resource quantities, and associated costs
The current study included details of the anatomical characteristics of vegetative parts including the root, stem, leaf in cultivated Iraq for the species Brassciaaleraceacabbage, where the study dealt with the stomatal index and the rate of both the length and width of the stomatal complex and the thickness of the periderm, the tissue, cortex, vascular cylinder and pith. The parts were taken and measured after the plant was treated with brassinolide and the treated species with brassinolide and non-treated were measured and the study showed that there was a clear variation in the properties above.