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An evaluation of the influence of different finishing lines on the fracture strength of full contour zirconia CAD/CAM and heat press all-ceramic crowns
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ABSTRACT Background: One of the major problems of all ceramic restorations is their probable fracture against the occlusal forces. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two gingival finishing lines (90°shoulder and deep chamfer) on the fracture resistance of full contour CAD/CAM and heat press all-ceramic crowns. Materials and Methods: Thirty two maxillary first premolars were prepared to receive full contour CAD/CAM (zolid) and heat press (Cergo Kiss) ceramic crowns using a special paralleling device (Parallel-A-Prep). The teeth were divided into four groups according to the type of finishing line prepared. Each crown was cemented to its corresponding tooth using self-etch, self-adhesive dual cure resin cement. Following storage for 1 week in distilled water at room temperature, teeth were subjected to thermal cycling. Fracture resistance was determined using a universal testing machine, and the samples were investigated microscopically from the point of view of the origin of the failure. Statistical analysis was carried out using the one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-tests. Results: The mean values of fracture resistance for CAD/CAM group showed 1367.250+178.967 N for 90°shoulder margins and 1109.250+252.455 N for the deep chamfer margins. ANOVA test results revealed high significance between and within the groups. The mean values of fracture resistance for heat press group were 548.562+272.471 N for 90°shoulder margins and 247.912+96.995 N for the deep chamfer margins expressing statistical significance. Conclusions: The results of this study pointed to a relationship between the design of the cervical finishing line and the fracture strength of the full CAD/CAM crowns and the full heat press ceramic crowns. Both 90° shoulder and deep chamfer finishing lines are suitable for zolid crowns while the 90° shoulder is more suitable for the Cergo Kiss crowns than the deep chamfer preparation. Key words: Full contour, All-ceramic crowns, CAD/CAM, Heat press, Fracture strength.

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Publication Date
Wed May 05 2021
Journal Name
Mustansiriyah Journal Of Sports Science
The Effect of Parachute Exercises and Cloud Pockets in the Water Ocean on Some Special Physical Abilities and the Achievement of 50-Meter Swimming for Youth
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ولاء طارق حميد, Mustansiriyah Journal of Sports Science, 2021

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Studying and analysis effect level of the Government expenditure and Gross Domestic product in size of the expenditure on the higher education in Iraq (1995 – 2009)
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The education, especially higher education, is an essentially factor in the progress of any society, if we consider the higher education, represents the top  of  the education`s  pyramid which take part in developing the human  resources and provide the human staff to raise the productive efficiency, and improve the social , economic level                                  

In order to face the increasing importance of higher education, great capabilities and expenditures must be available in a continous way, such expe

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 23 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
“The impact of using the of the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) on The General Budget in Iraq”
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This research is aiming  to analyze the impacts of the current budget in Iraq by using  the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) , the research is based on hypothesis: (There is an impact on the using of the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) In public budget in Iraq) .This hypothesis was demonstrated by using the questionnaire, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important being the lack of terminology adopted in the government accounting system and the Iraqi financial and accounting manual as a result of their adoption of the monetary basis for the lack of accounting terminology that meets t

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 26 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the tax gap resulting from the application of the direct deduction method and its reflection on the financial objective of the tax: Applied research in the General Directorate of education in Diyala
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The research aims to shed light on the nature of the tax gap in the income tax by the method of direct deduction and its reflection on the financial objective of the tax, and to determine the reasons for this gap in the deduction between the tax due in accordance with the laws and instructions in force and the tax actually paid. The tax gap is a real problem that cannot be ignored for what it represents loss of financial revenues due to the state.

The research problem is represented in the existence of a gap between the tax due according to direct deduction instructions and the tax actually paid according to the financial statements, and to achieve the objectives of the research and test the hypotheses, t

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The The Application of Virtual Reality to (Mechatronics Engineering) by Creating an Articulated Robotic Work Cell Using EON Reality V9.22.24.24477
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Virtual reality, VR, offers many benefits to technical education, including the delivery of information through multiple active channels, the addressing of different learning styles, and experiential-based learning. This paper presents work performed by the authors to apply VR to engineering education, in three broad project areas: virtual robotic learning, virtual mechatronics laboratory, and a virtual manufacturing platform. The first area provides guided exploration of domains otherwise inaccessible, such as the robotic cell components, robotic kinematics and work envelope.  The second promotes mechatronics learning and guidance for new mechatronics engineers when dealing with robots in a safe and interactive manner. And the thir

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Female Characters In The Pre-Raphaelite Novel: M.E. Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (An Extracted Research of Master Degree Letter)
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Victorian age is known as a time of perpetual change. It is a time of new industrialization, increased urbanization and new technology. Therefore, one of the strongest undercurrents of this is the position of women. Woman at that time was viewed as “an angel in the house” especially this who belongs to the upper-middle class. She is described in such term because she spends much time in her domestic domain. Therefore, she should be passive, obedient and dependent. Despite the Victorian society contains several classes; women are defined under two labels: the angel and the demon or the whore. The angel woman can be any woman from the lower middle class to the aristocracy, while the whore refers to any working class woman. The differen

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Impact of the Dominions of Mindfulness on the Organizational Innovation “Descriptive analytical study in some faculties of the University of Baghdad”
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Research seeks to test the impact of the dimensions of mindfulness on  organizational Innovation, proposed in the light of the review literature on two variables of the research, which referred in General to the dynamic relationship between them, as result of weakness of mindfulness as one important factor driving the diversity of innovation and time, ways to sustain and preserve and then support innovations made by creators, weakness in the overall level of organizational Innovation, this represents the problem research, data collection over designing   identification, distributed to sample Formed from (30) head Department at a number of colleges of the University of Baghdad, results confirms the validity of resea

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 24 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of social capital dimensions on the structural empowerment of workers Applied research in the Directorate of the Municipality of Samawa
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The purpose of the research is to identify the social capital of the Municipality of Samawah Municipality by defining the level of its three dimensions (the structural dimension, the relational dimension and the cognitive dimension) and identifying the appropriate means that contribute to increasing the structural empowerment of the workers in the Municipality of Samawah. Between the social capital and the structural empowerment of the workers. From the perspective of social capital, the researchers examined the correlation and the effect of dimensions (structural, relational, cognitive) on the structural empowerment of the workers and with data collected from a sample of (168) Samawah, which is part of the Ministry of Constructi

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 03 2020
Journal Name
مجلة القادسية في الآداب والعلوم التربوية
The Effectiveness of a Teaching Style Based on the Brunner Model in the Achievement and Retention of Grammar Material for Students of the Arabic Language Department at the Faculty of Education for Girls
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This research aims to find out the impact on the receptive style according to the specimen in the collection of material Brawner and retention as students at the Arabic Department at the Faculty of Education for Girls. For confirmation from the goal of the research, the researcher placed two hypotheses, one to two for collections and one for pods. - chosen as the College of Education for Girls / Department of Arabic language for the application of choice Intentionally search experience for reasons of researcher he is teaching them and thus ensures cooperation of teachers and students in them. - selected Division (b) of the fourth grade students of the Arabic language section at random to represent the experimental group, while the Division

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The Effect of CdCl2 and annealing treatments on structural properties of CdS/CdTe heterojunction
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CdS and CdTe thin films were thermally deposited onto glass substrate. The CdCl2 layer was deposited onto CdS surface. These followed by annealing for different duration times to modify the surface and interface of the junction. The diffraction patterns showed that the intensity of the peaks increased with the CdCl2/annealed treatment, and the grain sizes are increased after CdCl2/annealed treatment

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