Background: This study compared in vitro the marginal adaptation of three different, low shrink, direct posterior composites Filtek™ P60 (packable composite), Filtek™ P90 (Silorane-based composite) and Sonic fill™ (nanohybrid composite) at three different composite/enamel interface regions (occlusal, proximal and gingival regions) of a standardized Class II MO cavity after thermal changes and mechanical load cycling by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and methods:Thirty six sound human maxillary first premolars of approximately comparable sizes were divided into three main groups of (12 teeth) in each according to the type of restorative material that was used: group (A) the teeth were restored with Filtek™ P60 and single bond™ Universal adhesive using horizontal incremental technique, group (B)the teeth were restored with Filtek™ P90 and P90 system adhesive using horizontal incremental technique and group (C) the teeth were restored with Sonic fill™ composite and single bond™ Universal adhesive using bulk technique.After specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days, all specimens were subjected to thermocycling at (5° to 55 °C), then submitted to mechanical load cycling (intermittent axial force of 49N and a total of 50.000 cycles). The specimens were observed under scanning electron microscope at (2000 X) to measure marginal gap width (the distance between the dental wall and the restoration) at occlusal, proximal and gingival regions in micrometer using Tescan software, version 3.5. Data were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA test and least significant difference tests. Results:The results showed that the silorane-based posterior composite (Filtek™ P90) showed significantly the least marginal gap width at the occlusal, proximal and gingival regions after the application of thermal changes and mechanical load cycling in comparison to the two methacrylate-based posterior composite Filtek™ P60 (packable) and the Sonic fill™ (nano-hybrid). Sonic fill™ bulk fill composite that relied on the vibration concept to lower the viscosity of high filler loaded composite material showed significantly lesser marginal gaps width at occlusal, proximal and gingival composite/enamel interface regions in comparison with Filtek™ P60 (packable composite) using horizontal incremental technique. The silorane-based composite (Filtek™ P90) showed non-significant difference in marginal gaps width at the three different regions. While, both methacrylate based Filtek™ P60 and Sonic fill™ composite showed significantly lesser marginal gap width at the occlusal region in comparison with gingival regions. Conclusion: None of the low-shrinkage composite restorative materials tested in this study totally prevented micro-gap formation at composite/enamel interfaces of Class II MO cavity.
Journalistic discourse is a fertile through which most of the segments of the society interact in all their platforms: intellectual, cultural, social, and various settings between the vital structures of the state; which makes it the link between the groups and segments of the society.
The role of discourse, moreover, engages in a vital way by establishing a culture of debate on controversial issues that provided a space in the different visions and differing perceptions on how to formulate the discourse and the magnitude of vocabulary for the diagnosis of these issues. Since there is no system of any community empty of the emergence of issues reflecting the public interest which is necessary is reflected in the context discourse
... Show MoreThe developments accelerated in technology and rapid changes in the environment and increase numbers industrial countries and different desires and requirements of customers, lead to be produced in large quantities is not feasible due to changes listed above as well as the need to product variety and change in tastes and desires of consumers, all above led not to enable companies to discharge their products in the case of mass production and created the need to devise ways and new methods fit with the current situation, and accounting point no longer the traditional accounting systems able to meet the requirements needed by the companies to make decisions and know where waste and loss of resources resulting to invent new style away from
... Show MoreThis research discussed and analyzed the formulation of a strategy to manage tax compliance risks, as an applied research in the General commission for Taxes. The questionnaire was used as a research tool to identify the factors that stimulate or retard the research sample from being compliant. The K-means clustering method was also used to enable the classification of the research sample's views into four behaviors, some of these views pose tax-compliance risks. The research concluded that risk management is a continuous process and that all departments of the General commission for Taxes are responsible for its implementation to enable them to deal with the behavior of the taxpayer towards tax compliance. And it recommended
... Show MoreObjective: This study aims to evaluate nurses' practices regarding electronic nursing documentation
Methodology: 40 nurses have been chosen for a pre experimental sample using a non-probability (purposive) method between November 20, 2021, and March 1, 2023. The pretest and posttest comparisons included the same group that had been exposed to the software.
Results : table the nurses' practices toward electronic nursing documentation was described as poor and fair it means that nurses practices need to be improved and developed by an interventional program. there is no significant differences between age, gender and years of employment variables and nurses practices.
... Show MoreThe water scarcity that Iraq suffers from and the low irrigation efficiency in irrigation projects, therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the performance of the irrigation system of the western canal for the Ishaqi irrigation project in Salah al-Din Governorate to determine the water management strategies that can be used to improve the irrigation efficiency in the project. The performance of the field irrigation system was evaluated on two fields of different crops and irrigation methods according to the agricultural reality of the study area in the Western canal for the Al-Ishaqi Irrigation Project in Salah Al-Din Governorate. The fieldwork included measurements of the moisture content before and after irrigation, fi
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to determine the impact of evaluating the investment projects in the development and preparation of investment budgets prepared by the economic units, since the investment projects are of an important and vital nature of the economic units, because these projects include the length of time for preparation and implementation and the accompanying period of this risk and uncertainties as well as need To the many funds to complete the project , The process of evaluating the implemented projects, which have been prepared an investment budget previously will contribute to the extent of matching the estimated data with the actual results or deviations, which is a step to avoid these errors in future p
... Show MoreThe impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education models was mainly through the expansion of technology use in the different educational programs. Earlier impact of COVID-19 was manifested in the complete and sudden transition to distance education regardless of institution preparedness status. Gradually, many institutions are moving back to on-campus face-to-face education. However, others including all higher education institutions in Iraq are adopting the hybrid education model. This report presents part of the end of semester evaluation survey conducted at the University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy for the Spring 2021 semester. The survey aims to address points of strength and weakness associated with the hybrid education model and spe
... Show MoreNew Azo ligands HL1 [2-Hydroxy-3-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-1-naphth aldehyde] and HL2 [3-((1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde] have been synthesized from reaction (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) and (5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) for HL1 and (4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one) for HL2. Then, its metal ions complexes are synthesized with the general formula; [CrHL1Cl3(H2O)], [VOHL1(SO4)] [ML1Cl(H2O)] where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), and general formula; [Cr(L2)2 ]Cl and [M(L2)2] where M = VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) are reported. The ligands and their metal complexes are characterized by phisco- chemical spectroscopic
... Show Moreوفقأ للدراسات السابقة تم تحضير ليكاند آزو جديد (ن-(3-اسيتايل-2-هيدروكسي-5-مثيل-فنيل)ن-(4-كاربوكسي-سايكلوهكسيل مثيل)-ملح الدايازونيوم) وبعد التحقق من الصيغة المقترحة وفق نتائج التحاليل وبعد استخدام الليكاند لتحضير سلسلة ن المعقدات باستخدام نسب مولية متساوية (1:1) من الليكاند وتفاعلها مع كل من املاح المنغنيز والكوبلت والنيكل والنحاس والخارصين وبعد التحقق وفق تقنيات التحاليل الطيفية والتشخيصية(الاشعة فوق البنف
... Show MoreThe rapid reality of events in the information era, and the enormous pressure of forces market, competition, permanent movement of the markets and consumers and the large development unprecedented of technology in all areas make a lot of organizations find it difficult to keep up with this rapid developments .Here was the role of strategic vigilance closer organization to their environment ,and play an active role in providing the necessary information to make decisions and insurance companies are not far from those changes .On this basis the researcher offered studied(Over the awareness of managers of insurance companies for strategic vigilance).Choosing sample of 35 managers in the National Insurance Company to test th
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