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The effect of light curing tip distance on the curing depth of bulk fill resin based composites
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Background: This in vitro study measure and compare the effect of light curing tip distance on the depth of cure by measuring vickers microhardness value on two recently launched bulk fill resin based composites Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and Surefil SDR Flow with 4 mm thickness in comparison to Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative with 2 mm thickness. In addition, measure and compare the bottom to top microhardness ratio with different light curing tip distances. Materials and Method: One hundred fifty composite specimens were obtained from two cylindrical plastic molds the first one for bulk fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and Surefil SDR Flow) with 4 mm diameter and 4 mm depth, the second one for Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative with 4 mm diameter and 2 mm depth. Each spcimen was light-cured using WOODPECKER LED CURING LIGHT for 20 sec. Polymerization was performed with the light tip positioned in direct contact, 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm distant from the top surface of the sample. After one day of storage in distilled water in a light proof container at 37ËšC, the hardness on the bottom and top surfaces of each specimen was tested using the Digital Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Then the Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA test, LSD test and t-test. Results: All experimental groups show top microhardness higher than bottom microhardness with high significant difference with all light tip distances. At 0 mm light tip distance all groups give the highest microhardness value. Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative shows accepted bottom to top microhardness ratio at all light tip distances. Surefil SDR Flow shows accepted bottom to top ratio only at 0, 2 and 4mm light tip distances while Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill shows the bottom to top microhardness ratio less than the accepted value with all light tip distances. Conclusion: From the results of this study we can conclude that the polymerization of bulk fill composite depends greatly on the distance from light curing tip, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill composite not recommended to be used as bulk fill restoration in deep cavities and need further studies, while Surefil SDR Flow not recommended to be used in deep cavity when curing tip distance (6-8 mm), in addition we can conclude that the thickness of the increments is more important than light curing tip distance.

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 20 2023
Journal Name
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
Production and characterization of composite activated carbon from potato peel waste for cyanide removal from aqueous solution
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Abstract<p>This research presents a response surface methodology (RSM) with I‐optimal method of DESIGN EXPERT (version 13 Stat‐Ease) for optimization and analysis of the adsorption process of the cyanide from aqueous solution by activated carbon (AC) and composite activated carbon (CuO/AC) produced by pyro carbonic acid microwave using potato peel waste as raw material. Pyrophosphate 60% (wt) was used for impregnation with an impregnation ratio 3:1, impregnation time of 4 h at 25°C, radiant power of 700 W, and activation time of 20 min. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the removal efficiency of cyanide from aqueous solution to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters su</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Simultaneous Adsorption of Ternary Antibiotics (Levofloxacin, Meropenem, and Tetracycline) by SunFlower Husk Coated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
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In this study, a new adsorbent derived from sunflower husk powder and coated in CuO nanoparticles (CSFH) was investigated to evaluate the simultaneous adsorption of Levofloxacin (LEV), Meropenem (MER), and Tetracycline (TEC) from an aqueous solution. Significant improvements in the adsorption capacity of the sunflower husk were identified after the powder particles had been coated in CuO nanoparticles. Kinetic data were correlated using a pseudo-second-order model, and was successful for the three antibiotics. Moreover, high compatibility was identified between the LEV, MER, and TEC, isotherm data, and the Langmuir model, which produced a better fit to suit the isotherm curves. In addition, the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsor

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
<i>Insilico</i> and <i>in vitro</i> Approach for Design, Synthesis, and Anti-proliferative Activity of Novel Derivatives of 5-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-Substituted Phenyl-2, 4-Dihydro-3<i>H</i>-1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-Thione
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Chemical And Process Engineering Research
Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes of Schiff Base [1, 2-Diphenyl -2- 2-{[1-(3-Amino-Phenyl)-Ethylidene]-Hydrazono Methyl}-Phenol] with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) Ions
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The new tridentate Schiff base ligand (HL)namely 2-{[1-(3-amino-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazono methyl}- phenol containing (N N O)as donors atoms was prepared in two steps:Step (1): By the reaction of 3- aminoacetophenone with hydrazine monohydrate under reflux in methanol and drops of glacial acetic acid gave the intermediate compound 3-(1- hydrazono ethyl)-phenol amine.Step (2): By the reaction of 3-(1-hydrazono ethyl)-phenol amine with salicyaldehyde under reflux in methanol, gave the ligand (HL).The prepared ligand was characterized by I.R, U.V-Vis,1H- 13C NMR spectra and melting point and reacted with some metal ions under reflux in methanol with (1:1) ratio gave complexes of the general formula: [MClL]. Where: M= Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II),

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 20 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE FILM FROM WHEY PROTIEN ISOLATE INCORPORTED WITH GREEN TEA EXTRACT AND ITS USE IN CHEESE COATIN: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE FILM FROM WHEY PROTIEN ISOLATE INCORPORTED WITH GREEN TEA EXTRACT AND ITS USE IN CHEESE COATIN
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The aim of the current research is to study the effect of adding green tea to the edible film prepared from the whey protein isolate on the effectiveness of microorganisms and evaluating the of antimicrobial effectiveness of these films on Iraqi soft cheese packaging during the nine days of storage as an alternative to commercial packaging. At the beginning of the study, the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured by calculate the diameter of the zone of inhibition on growth of the bacteria and it's included the group of Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) and the group of Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus spp) and a yeast (Candida Albican). Where the diameter of t

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 30 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Determination of Cobalt(II) Ion in Various Selected Alloys via Utilizing Continous Flow Injection Analysis ((CFIA) (Nagham-Four Sources of White  Snow LED Arranged in Three Rows Corresponding to Three Detectors Analyzer) (NAG-4SX3-3D)) Analyzer at 0-180o Angle
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The research study focuses on the efficient and accurate detection and determination of cobalt ions. The detection method involves the formation of brilliant green aggregates with calcium hexacyanoferrate in the presence of nitric acid. (Nagham-four sources of white snow light-emitting diodes arranged in three rows corresponding to three detectors) (The NAG-4SX3-3D Analyzer is an optical, chemical, electronic, and detection tool that receives a cumulative signal (no amplification is required). The total distance travelled is 760 mm with regard to YZ(mV) - tsec (dmm). It was selected for its precise calculation of the energy transducer profile. The linear range for measuring cobalt (II) ions is 0.05 to 20 mM. For concentrations of 5

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 11 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Retentive forces, tensile strength and deflection fatigue of Acetal thermoplastic clasp material in comparison with cobalt-chromium alloy
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Background: Nowadays there is an increasing of the emphasis on aesthetic, dentist have been concerned about providing aesthetics and functional removable partial dentures to their patients and this was make the mission more difficult because of the goal now is achieving optimal aesthetic of the denture - while maintaining retentive, stable, and conservative to the health of supporting tooth and supporting tissue. The traditional use of metal clasp like cobalt-chromium, gold, stainless-steel and titanium hampers esthetics because of its obvious display conflicts with patient’s prosthetic confidentiality. Acetal resin (poly oxy methylene) may be used as alternative denture clasp material. This material was promoted primarily on the basis of

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Jour. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic of Some new Metal Ions Complexes's with [N-(4-Methoxy Benzoyl Amino)-Thioxo Methyl] Leucine
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A new ligand [N-(4-methoxy benzoyl amino)-thioxo methyl ] leucine (MBL) was prepared from the reaction of (4-methoxy benzoyl isothiocyanate with leucine acid in molar ratio (l:l), it was characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C-NMR. The complexes of the bivalent ions (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg ) have been prepared and characterized too. The structural was established by elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility and determination of molar ration (M:L). The complexes showed characteristic behavior of tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions except with (Cu) complex showed square planer.

Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Iaes International Journal Of Robotics And Automation
Implementation of a complex fractional order proportional-integral-derivative controller for a first order plus dead time system
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This paper presents the implementation of a complex fractional order proportional integral derivative (CPID) and a real fractional order PID (RPID) controllers. The analysis and design of both controllers were carried out in a previous work done by the author, where the design specifications were classified into easy (case 1) and hard (case 2) design specifications. The main contribution of this paper is combining CRONE approximation and linear phase CRONE approximation to implement the CPID controller. The designed controllers-RPID and CPID-are implemented to control flowing water with low pressure circuit, which is a first order plus dead time system. Simulation results demonstrate that while the implemented RPID controller fails to stabi

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Biological Studies of a New Some Complexes with N-Pyridin-2-Ylmethyl-Benzene-1, 2Diamine
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