Background: This study was conducted to assess the effect of sonic activation and bulk placement of resin composite in comparison to horizontal incremental placement on the fracture resistance of weakened premolar teeth. Materials and method: Sixty sound human single-rooted maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in this study. Teeth were divided into six groups of ten teeth each: Group 1 (sound unprepared teeth as a control group), Group 2 (teeth prepared with MOD cavity and left unrestored), Group 3 (restored with SonicFill™ composite), Group 4 (restored with Quixfil™ composite), Group 5 (restored with Tertic EvoCeram® Bulk Fill composite) and Group 6 (restored with Universal Tetric EvoCeram® composite using horizontal incremental layering technique). Standardized class II MOD cavity was prepared in all teeth except (group 1).After finishing the restorative procedure of each group according to the manufacturer's instructions, all teeth were stored in deionized distilled water in an incubator at 37°C for seven days.All specimens were subjected to compressive axial loading until fracturein a universal testingmachine.Specimens were examined by a stereomicroscope at a magnification of (20X) to evaluate the mode of fracture . Results: The results of this study revealed that the control group exhibited the highest fracture resistance compared to all prepared teeth groups (restored or unrestored) and the differences were statistically highly significant (P<0.01), except with group 3 (which was restored with SonicFill™ composite) where the difference was statistically significant only (P < 0.05).Additionally the results of this study revealed that the prepared unrestored teeth (Group 2) exhibited the lowest fracture resistance compared to all restored groups and the differences were statistically highly significant (P<0.01). Meanwhile, among the restored teeth groups, teeth restored with SonicFill™ composite (group 3) exhibited the highest fracture resistance as compared with all other restored groups and the difference was statistically highly significant (P<0.01). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences in fracture resistance were found among groups 4, 5 and 6, which were restored with Quixfil™ composite, Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill composite and Universal Tetric EvoCeram® composite, respectively (P > 0.05). Group 3and Group 5 showed mostly mixed mode of failure, while Group 4 showed mostly adhesive mode of failure. On the other hand Group 6 teeth showed different modes of failure. Conclusions: SonicFill™ composite can be considered as a viable treatment modality for the restoration of weakened maxillary premolar teeth. On the other hand, the time-consuming incremental layering technique can be substituted with bulk filling, using bulk fill materials (Quixfil™ and Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill) for reinforcement ofweakened maxillary premolars.
This research aims to invest qur›anic words referring to lie in media language. The researcher has chosen a set of qur›anic words functioning as «lie».
It is an attempt to review the media language which is used to make use of repetition of terms and templated which make it weak and ineffective language. The use of qur›anic texts and terms according to the semantic field for each topic will give this media language an opportunity for growth, development and stability.
This researcher identifies a number of words to study them in the light of their lexical meaning using the Dictionary of Language Standards by Ibn Fares as it focuses on the general meaning of the root language. He also uses the Dictionary of the Basis of Rhe
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Aspartate aminotransferase was purified from urine and serum of patients with type 2 diabetes in a 2 steps procedure involving dialysis bag and sephadex G-25 gel filtration (column chromatography). The enzyme was purified 346.23 fold with 1467% yield and 3.46 fold with 142.85% yield in urine and serum of patients with type 2 diabetes respectively. The purified enzyme showed single peak. The results of this study revealed that AST activity of type 2 diabetes urine and serum increased significantly (p<0.001) compared with control group.
Background: Periodontal diseases (PD) are inflammatory conditions of the tissues supporting the teeth, most often gingivitis and periodontitis. Maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis (MCRS) is the inflammation of the maxillary sinuses which is last for at least 12 consecutive weeks duration. Aims of study: Distribution of periodontal diseases among patients with Maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis according to gender and age. Materials and methods: Males and females subjects (25-45 years), divided into two groups; 150 patients suffer from MCRS and 130 subjects without MCRS. Clinical periodontal parameters; Plaque Index (PL.I), Gingival Index (G.I), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Bleeding On Probing (BOP) recorded f
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Abstract
The mine object for this research is determine the nature of the relation and effect between Human resources management strategic to less the work stress , Human resources management strategic represent a set of procedures and practices to manage the human resources at the organization. the stress of work effect on the performance of the human resources , al rasheed bank select to applied the qustioneer on the 32 person the work on the sebaa branch , using the qustioneer as a tool to collect data that is design according some of the standards and make the validity and stability. to analyses this data by using spss for computation " percentage , mean , standard , deriation
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The objective of this research is to know the economic feasibility of hydroponics technology by estimating the expected demand for green forage for the years 2021-2031 as well as Identify and analyze project data and information in a way that helps the investor make the appropriate investment decision in addition to preparing a detailed technical preliminary study for the cultivar barley project focusing on the commercial and financing aspects and the criteria that take into account the risks and uncertainties . that indicating the economic feasibility of the project to produce green forage using hydroponics technology. Cultured barley as a product falls within the blue ocean strategy. Accordingly, the research recommends the necess
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The interactions of drug amoxicillin with maltose or galactose solutions with a variation of temperature have been discussed by taking in the volumetric and viscometric procedures. Physical properties [densities (ρ) and viscosities (η)] of amoxicillin (AMOX) aqueous solutions and aqueous solutions of two type saccharides (maltose and galactose 0.05m) have been measured at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K under atmospheric pressure. The apparent molar volume (ϕv cm3mole-1) has been evaluated from density data and fitted to a Redlich-Mayer equation. The empirical parameters of the Mayer-Redlich equation and apparent molar volume at infinite dilution Ø°v were explicated in terms of interactions from type solute-solvent and solute
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This research aims to know and the role of the marketing recovery dimensions in improving the organization's reputation through an exploratory study of private banks in the city of Baghdad. The aim of the research is to define the role of the marketing recovery through its dimensions (compensation, apology, speed of response, assistance and problem solving), in improving the organization's reputation, as the research will attempt to provide a theoretical framework for the dimensions studied through the most important of what researchers presented and then conduct the applied aspect of the research. Data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey consisting of 35 questions and distributed to 110 managers of private banks in
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