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Fracture strength of laminate veneers using different restorative materials and techniques (A comparative in vitro stuy)
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Background: Esthetic correction represents one of the clinical conditions that required the use of laminate veneers in premolars region. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of the laminate veneers in maxillary first premolars, fabricated from either composite (direct and indirect techniques) or ceramic CAD/CAM blocks. Materials and Methods: Fifty sound human maxillary premolar teeth were used in this in vitro study. Teeth were divided randomly into one control group and four experimental groups of ten teeth each; Group A: Restored with direct composite veneer (Filtek Z250 XT), Group B: Restored with indirect composite veneers (Filtek Z250 XT), Group C: Restored with lithium disilicate ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (IPS e. max CAD) and Group D: Restored with resin nano ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (Lava Ultimate Restorative). Standard preparations were done using Ceramic Veneer Set (Komet). Indirect laminate veneers were cemented with the Relyx Veneer Cement (3M ESPE) and all specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 2 weeks. The load was applied on the occlusal part of the veneer at 45˚ to long axis of the tooth using universal testing machine. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Specimens were examined by stereomicroscope at a magnification of 20x to evaluate the mode of failure. Results: Control group showed higher mean of fracture strength with highly significant difference in comparison to the experimental groups (P<0.01). (Group A) showed higher mean of fracture strength with statistically significant difference in comparison to (Group B and Group D). On the other hand the difference between (Group A and Group C) was statistically highly significant. Statistically non-significant difference was found among the three indirectly restored groups. Conclusions: All veneers used in this study can be considered as acceptable treatment in the premolars region for patients with normal biting force. Direct composite veneer is the most favorable technique in term of fracture strength, while IPS e. max CAD laminate veneers were least likely to fracture and most likely to completely debond.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
A Methodology for Evaluating and Scheduling Preventive Maintenance for a Thermo-Electric Unit Using Artificial Intelligence
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Flow-production systems whose pieces are connected in a row may not have maintenance scheduling procedures fixed because problems occur at different times (electricity plants, cement plants, water desalination plants). Contemporary software and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used to fulfill the research objectives by developing a predictive maintenance program. The data of the fifth thermal unit of the power station for the electricity of Al Dora/Baghdad are used in this study. Three stages of research were conducted. First, missing data without temporal sequences were processed. The data were filled using time series hour after hour and the times were filled as system working hours, making the volume of the data relativel

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Magic comparative study of the Old Testament mediator
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Magic is an attempt to affect people or events either by cheating and charlatanry means or by expecting devil powers in order to bring advantage or to avoid a harm or to bring harm to others or to for see the future and divition .

     Magic is either real by the devil like writing majic works to prevent the marriage of someone and to depart the husband and his wife , causing someone to be distressed the physical and nervous diseases and stopping the stories and the project; majic can be artificial by being intellect and legerdemain and different types of triks and to cancel the magic by using magic or by protecting the self by using Talismans as well as presenting or offering sacrificers to the masters and th

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 20 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Methods of Foreign Trade Payments -Comparative Accounting Study-
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 The research has been concerned with the modalities of foreign trade payments (foreign trade financing), and made an accounting comparison between them to choose the best way to pay for the imported goods (payment of the real values of imported goods), given the importance of the impact of this activity on the national economy of all countries of the world, especially Iraq for the adoption of a very large amount of imported goods to meet the requirements of the people, which require the flow of huge amounts of foreign currency outside Iraq to pay for these goods, and therefore dealing incorrectly with it leads to the destruction of the national economy and the spread of a number of negative social and economic phenomena of

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2010
Journal Name
Tikrit Medical Journal
ultrasonographical and Doppler study of. human placenta at different age groups
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To study the site of placentae and the umbilical artery blood flow of different age groupsand relate that to the newborn baby and the mother. 117 placentae samples were investigatedusing ultrasound and 30 placentae samples were studied using Doppler ultrasound during theperiod from August 2007 to August 2008 for full term placentae of mothers aged 15- > 45 yearsold. By ultrasound; there was detection of good pe rcentage of the placental site to be on theposterior wall of the uterus in case of male babies, while it was anterior in case of female babiesand it was previa and fundal in females more than in the males. The Doppler ultrasound revealedthat the mother in any age group can conceive and have a healthy placenta because the readings ina

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 14 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of frictional forces generated by different brackets and orthodontic wires
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Background: Sliding mechanics is widely used during orthodontic treatment. One of the disadvantages of this mechanics is the friction generated at the bracket/archwire interface, which may reduce the amount of desired orthodontic movement obtained. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the static frictional forces produced by two passive self-ligating brackets stainless-steel and hybrid and two conventional brackets stainless-steel and monocrystal ligated with stainless-steel ligature wire at two degrees of torque(zero and twenty) under dry condition. Materials and method: One hundred and sixty brackets were used in this study divided into four groups each group consisted of forty brackets these are: Two self-li

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles under Different pH Conditions
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Ethanol as a solvent, a precursor of titanium isopropoxide and a stabilizer of either hydrochloric acid or ammonium hydroxide was used to prepare a titanium dioxide aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions with different values of pH and the morphology of the resultant reaction of the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide were investigated. The X-ray diffraction showed that at low temperatures and with acidic solutions, rutile structures are more favorable to grow on titanium dioxide synthesized, while at low and average temperatures and with base solutions, anatase phase is more pronounced. The crystalline form and the re-confirmation of the crystallite size growth were observed by the scanning electron microscopy. The atomic force micr

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles under Different pH Conditions
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Ethanol as a solvent, a precursor of titanium isopropoxide and a stabilizer of either hydrochloric acid or ammonium hydroxide was used to prepare a titanium dioxide aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions with different values of pH and the morphology of the resultant reaction of the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide were investigated. The X-ray diffraction showed that at low temperatures and with acidic solutions, rutile structures are more favorable to grow on titanium dioxide synthesized, while at low and average temperatures and with base solutions, anatase phase is more pronounced. The crystalline form and the re-confirmation of the crystallite size growth were observed by the scanning electron microscopy. The atomi

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 10 2019
Journal Name
Association Of Arab Universities Journal Of Engineering Sciences
Numerical and Experimental Study of Winglet Effect with Different Cant Angles
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The present work aims to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the winglet cant angle of Boeing 737-800 wing numerically and experimentally. The wing contain two swept angles 38.3o and 29.13o respectively, taper ratio 0.15 and aspect ratio 8.04. The wing involves three types of airfoils sections. Four cant angles for blended winglet have been considered (0o, 34o, 60o, 83.3o). The winglet has been analyzed to find the best cant angle for the wing without and with winglet. These models have been tested theoretically at Reynolds number of 2.06 x106 in order to study the winglet aerodynamic characteristics which consist of coefficient of Drag, coefficient of lift and Lift to drag ratio, pitching moment coefficient and bending moment co

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Evaluation Properties and PNA Analysis for Different Types of Lubricants Oils
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A study of characteristics of the lubricant oils and the physical properties is essential to know the quality of lubricant oils. The parameters that lead to classify oils have been studied in this research. Three types of multi-grades lubricant oils were applied under changing temperatures from 25 oC to 78oC to estimate the physical properties and mixture compositions. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity gravity constant and paraffin (P), naphthenes (N) and aromatics (A) (PNA) analysis are used to predict the composition of lubricants oil. Kinematic viscosity gives good behaviors and the oxidation stability for each lubricant oils. PNA analysis predicted fractions of paraffin (XP), naphthenes (XN),

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
In Vitro Cytotoxic Study for Purified Resveratrol Extracted from Grape Skin Fruit Vitis vinifera
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This study  was  conducted  with the  aim to  extract and  purify  a  polyphenolic  compound  â€œ Resveratrol” from the skin of black grapes Vitis vinifera cultivated in Iraq. The purified resveratrol is obtained after ethanolic extraction with 80% v/v solution for fresh grape skin, followed by acid hydrolysis   with   10%   HCl   solution then   the  aglycon   moiety   was  taken  with   organic   solvent

( chloroform). Using silica gel G60 packed glass column chromatography with mobile phase benzene: methanol: acetic acid  20:4:1 a

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