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Effects of three different types of intracoronal bleaching agents on shear bond strength of stainless steel and sapphire brackets bonded to endodontically treated teeth (An in vitro study)
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Background: evaluate the effects of three different intracoronal bleaching agents on the shear bond strengths (SBS) and failure site of stainless steel and monocrystalline (sapphire) orthodontic brackets bonded to endodontically treated teeth using light cured orthodontic adhesive in vitro. Materials and methods: Eighty extracted sound human upper first premolars were selected, endondontically treated and randomly divided equally (according to the type of the brackets used) into two main groups (n = 40 per group). Each main group were subdivided (according to the bleaching agent used) into four subgroups 10 teeth each; as following : control (un bleached) group, hydrogen peroxide group (Hp) 35%, carbamide peroxide group (CP) 37% group and sodium perborate (SP) group . The bleaching process was applied three times (4 days intervals) sequentially and the bleached teeth were stored in artificial saliva four weeks before bonding. Orthodontic brackets were bonded with a light cure composite resin and cured with LED light. After passing 24 hours of bonding procedure, the brackets were debonded by a Tinius-Olsen universal testing machine, to measure the shear bond strength. After debonding, each bracket base and the corresponding tooth surface were examined using a stereomicroscope and their Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was recorded. Results: The ANOVA test showed that the SBS of stainless brackets was significantly reduced by intracorornal bleaching agents. Furthermore, LSD showed no significant difference in SBS between the three types of bleaching agents used in stainless steel group. Whilst for sapphire group, the results The ANOVA test showed no significant difference in SBS between the bleached groups and the control group. Chi-square comparison no significant difference in failure site between bleached and control groups in both brackets types used. Conclusion: The effect of intracoronal bleaching on SBS was reduced SBS of stainless steel and not for sapphire. However, the intracoronal bleaching had no effect on the failure site of orthodontic brackets used.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Act Of An Operator
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In this paper we will study some of the properties of an operator by looking at the associated S-act of this operator, and conversely. We look at some operators, like one to one operators, onto operators. On the other hand, we look at some act theoretic concepts, like faithful acts, finitely generated acts, singular acts, separated acts, torsion free acts and noetherian acts. We try to determine what properties of T make the associated S-act has any of these properties.

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 05 2012
Journal Name
مجلة القادسية للعلوم
Effect of some environmental factors on the tolerance of Bacillus subtilis to heavy metals
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Abstract Twelve isolates of bacteria were obtained from samples of different soils and water amended with 100µg/ml of five heavy metals chlorides (i.e: Aluminum Al+2, Iron Fe+2, Lead Pb+2, Mercury Hg+2 and Zinc Zn+2). Four isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis and B. subtilis (B2) isolate was selected for this study according to their resistance to all five heavy metals chlorides. The ability of B. subtilis (B2) isolate for growing in different concentration of heavy metals chlorides ranging from 200-1200 µg/ml was tested. The highest conc. that B. subtilis (B2) isolate tolerate was 1000 µg/ml for Al+2, Fe+2, Pb+2, and Zn+2and 300 µg/ml for Hg+2 for 24hour. The effect of heavy metals chlorides on bacterial growth for 72 hrs was

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF Influence of Er:Cr;YSGG laser Desensitization on SBS of resin cement to dentin
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Background: Crown preparation of vital teeth involve the removal of a sound tooth structure, and when enamel removed this lead to exposed dentin with an   increase in the number of open dentinal tubules also the diameter of dentinal tubules will increase, furthermore lead to increase movement of fluids inside the tubules all that causes post preparation sensitivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of desensitizing by Er:Cr:YSGG laser on shear bond strength of prepared tooth and resin cement. Materials and methods: Thirty sound maxillary premolars, grouped into three groups(n=10). Group A is the control group, group B irradiated by Er:Cr:YSGG laser with (0.25 W, 20 Hz, 1

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch.
Studying of different factors affected in production of amylase enzyme from a local isolate of B. Subtillis A4 bacteria
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The present study aims to detection optimal conditions of production of amylase enzyme from isolate of B. subtillis A4. Nine carbonic sources were represented by starch, maltose, fructose, sucrose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, sorbitol and mannitol) at concentration of 1% for each source. It was found that the best was represented by starch carbonic, which showed higher activity and qualitative activity of 7.647 Unit/ ml and 461.56 Unit/ mg. Ten nitrogen sources were selected, including yeast extract, peptone, trypton, gelatin, urea and meat extract as organic sources Ammonium sulphate, Sodium nitrate, Potassium nitrate and Ammonium chloride as inorganic sources. These sources were added at aconcentration of 0.5% to the production medium. Th

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The economic feasibility of substituting different residues replaces part of the barley In the fattening of the Arabian lambs
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This experiment was carried out at the Grdarash field belongs to the Agricultural researches directorate/general Agriculture directorate-Erbil in September (2007)، 27 Arabic lambs aged (5-6 months) With average initial weight (39.178 Kg/lamb) were used. Lambs were divided in to (3) groups (9 lambs/group). Control group was fed on (85% barely، 10% bran and 5% straw)، and second and third groups were fed on various by-product in replacement with barely in loss and block shape respectively.

The total gain of three groups were (392708.32، 634826.52 & 445613.72 ID resp

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
An Approximate solution for two points oundary value problem corresponding to some optimal control
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this paper presents a novel method for solving nonlinear optimal conrol problems of regular type via its equivalent two points boundary value problems using the non-classical

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Comparison between powerful Waterpik flosser with dental floss as an adjunct to tooth brushing
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Background: Removing dental plaque is important to maintain a good oral hygiene and prevent periodontal disease; this could not be accomplished by the use of toothbrush alone, it needs the help of interdental aids or intra-oral irrigator devices. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of using Waterpik flosser as adjunct to tooth brushing than using the dental floss with the brushing. Materials and methods: A single blind, six weeks study included 45 subjects divided into three groups of 15 subjects at each group. Group B (brushing) was instructed to use the toothbrush only, group BF (brushing & flossing) was instructed to use dental floss and tooth brushing while group BW (brushing and Waterpik flosser) was instructed to use Water

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Applying Trade-off Curve to Support Set-Based Design application at an Aerospace Company
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Companies compete greatly with each other today, so they need to focus on innovation to develop their products and make them competitive. Lean product development is the ideal way to develop product, foster innovation, maximize value, and reduce time. Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) is an approved lean product improvement mechanism that builds on the creation of a number of alternative designs at the subsystem level. These designs are simultaneously improved and tested, and the weaker choices are removed gradually until the optimum solution is reached finally. SBCE implementations have been extensively performed in the automotive industry and there are a few case studies in the aerospace industry. This research describe the use o

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2012
Journal Name
Ijcsi International Journal Of Computer Science
Implementing a novel approach an convert audio compression to text coding via hybrid technique
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Compression is the reduction in size of data in order to save space or transmission time. For data transmission, compression can be performed on just the data content or on the entire transmission unit (including header data) depending on a number of factors. In this study, we considered the application of an audio compression method by using text coding where audio compression represented via convert audio file to text file for reducing the time to data transfer by communication channel. Approach: we proposed two coding methods are applied to optimizing the solution by using CFG. Results: we test our application by using 4-bit coding algorithm the results of this method show not satisfy then we proposed a new approach to compress audio fil

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Pure And Applied Microbiology
Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Gram Negative Bacilli from Different Clinical Sample in a Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad
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The number of infections caused by microorganisms is increasing significantly over the last few years. A total of 140 patients admitted to the central teaching hospital of pediatrics from the 1st of Jun 2017 to 31 October 2017. The Clinical samples was processed from culture and sensitivity testing. Antibiotic discs used for gram negative isolates. The most prevalent gram negative isolates included Escherichia coli 63 (45.0 %), Pseudomonas spp. 21 (15.0 %), Klebsiella spp. 19 (13.6 %) predominantly. Escherichia coli were the most prevalent isolates from urine 45 (71.4 %), Klebsiella spp. 11 (57.9 %) and Enterobacter spp. 11 (68.8 %) followed by Escherichia coli 10 (15.9 %) predominant from blood. 68 (48.6 %) of specimens were urine, 47 (33.

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