Background: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various endodontic irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, ethylene diaminetetracetic acid and normal saline) on sealing ability of (Biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate, and amalgam) used to repair furcal perforations. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human molars with divergent roots were used in this study. A standard root canal access cavity was prepared in each tooth and furcal perforation was made and was standardized by using k file size 100 instrument to get a perforation of (1.32mm) in diameter .The teeth were randomly divided in to three groups of 40 teeth according to the type of material used to repair the perforations (Group A: The furcal perforations were repaired with Biodentine, Group B: The furcal perforations were repaired with MTA ,Group C: The furcal perforations were repaired with Amalgam). Each group was then subdivided into 4 subgroups according to irrigation regimens applied over the repair site (Subgroup 1: without irrigation, Subgroup 2: the pulp chamber was gently irrigated with 10 mL 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, Subgroup 3: Pulp chamber was gently irrigated with 10 mL 17% Ethylene Diaminetetracetic acid for 10 minutes, Subgroup 4: pulp chamber was gently irrigated with 10 mL normal saline for 10 minutes. Each tooth was coated with two layers of nail varnish and then sticky wax except 1 to 2 mm around the perforation site. Each tooth was placed in glass vial containing 3 ml of buffered Methylene blue dye at (37°C, pH 7) and kept in an incubator for 72 hour at 100% humidity. After dye application, the teeth were washed in running water for 5 min. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction. Results: The results showed that group A has least mean of dye penetration and the difference was highly significant with group C and non-significant with group B.Saline and NaOCl increase the sealing of all groups while EDTA significantly increased the dye penetration of Biodentine and MTA respectively. Conclusions: Biodentine has the best sealing ability of the tested materials while amalgam showed the highest dye penetration of all tested materials. Saline and NaOCl increase the sealing ability of Biodentine and MTA where as EDTA decreased the sealing efficacy of MTA and Biodentine.
Biaxial hollow slab is a reinforced concrete slab system with a grid of internal spherical voids included to reduce the self-weight. This paper presents an experimental study of behavior of one-way prestressed concrete bubbled slabs. Twelve full-scale one-way concrete slabs of (3000mm) length with rectangular cross-sectional area of (460mm) width and (150mm) depth. Different parameters like type of specimen (solid or bubbled slabs), type of reinforcement (normal or prestress), range of PPR and diameter of plastic spheres (100 or 120mm) are considered. Due to the using of prestressing force in bubbled slabs (with ratio of plastic sphere diameter D to slab thickness H, D/H=0.67), the specimens showed an increase in ultimat
... Show MoreThe research aims to study some of the human characteristics of the state of Singapore to know the impact of these characteristics on the strength of the state, its development and. The research included two aspects, theoretical and analytical, using the descriptive analytical method, force analysis method, as well as the historical method. The data was analyzed according to mathematical equations, including the size of the country's population, the extraction of the population growth rate and the concept of age structure, where some indicators related to this concept have been explained. The researcher reached a set of results, the most important of which were: that the population size of the state of Singapore in the period between (19
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Scams remain among top cybercrime incidents happening around the world. Individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion are considered as risk-takers and prone to be scam victims. Unfortunately, limited number of research is done to investigate the relationship between appeal techniques and individuals' personality thus hindering a proper and effective campaigns that could help to raise awareness against scam. In this study, the impact of fear and rational appeal were examined as well as to identify suitable approach for individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion. To evaluate the approach, pretest and posttest surveys with 3 separate controlled laboratory experiments were conducted. This study found that rational appeal treatm
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A collection of pictures of traditional Kurdish women's national clothing and contemporary clothing was collected. A visit was also made to the city of Sulaymaniyah and the city of Halabja to find out the foundations of traditional clothing for the Kurdish regions and the impact of contemporary fashion on traditional dress. Which represents the culture and regionalism and reflects the picturesque nature of northern Iraq, and in order to complete the study, the parametric measurements of the clothes were analyzed and the graphs of the dress and its accessories were re-drawn to understand and make a comparison between them to study the clear influences and changes and examine the possibility of benefiting from them in sewing contemporary f
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Successive waves and generations of terrorists attacked the Iraqis in the years following the fall of the regime in Iraq in 2003, after the US invasion of the country under the pretext of weapons of mass destruction. Hence, the Iraqi people enrolled in ongoing war with these armed groups which led to massive casualties due to blasts and missile injuries.
Mechanism of blasts injury can be classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. While bullet injuries can be classified into low and high-energy injuries, the type and severity of the injury will influence the type of management, together with facilities available in
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This research study examines the impact of information technology on firm profitability and stock returns. Using a comprehensive dataset of firms across various industries, this research employs rigorous statistical analysis techniques to investigate the relationship between IT investments, firm profitability metrics, and stock returns. The study focuses at how IT investments affect financial performance measures including return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), with P-values of 0.34 and 0.12, respectively. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of IT on stock returns, taking into account market capitalization, industry trends, and macroeconomic variables. This study's conclusions center on the beneficial assoc
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This research delves into the role of satirical television programs in shaping the image of Iraqi politicians. The research problem is summarized in the main question: How does satire featured in television programs influence the portrayal of Iraqi politicians? This research adopts a descriptive approach and employs a survey methodology. The primary data collection tool is a questionnaire, complemented by observation and measurement techniques. The study draws upon the framework of cultural cultivation theory as a guiding theoretical foundation. A total of 430 questionnaires were disseminated among respondents who regularly watch satirical programs, selected through a multi-stage random sampling procedure.
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