Background: Epithelial salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon and constitute a wide spectrum of variable morphologic and biologic entities. The cell proliferation / death balance is most important in the development of salivary gland tumours. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PCNA protein immunohistochemically and Bax mRNA gene using in situ hybridization techniques and to correlate between the clinicopathological features of salivary gland tumours with the expressions of PCNA protein and Bax mRNA. Materials and Methods: Forty nine formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of epithelial salivary gland tumours were used in this study. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was used for reassessment of the histopathologic diagnosis. The cell proliferation activity was examined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and proapoptotic cell death Bax mRNA gene was analysed by in situ hybridization techniques. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis show high expression of PCNA and was noted in 8 of 12 pleomorphic adenoma cases (66.67%), 15 of 19 adenoid cystic carcinoma cases (78.95 %), 6 of 7 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases (85.71%), and 3 of 5 adenocarcinoma case (60 %). Significant difference was found between labeling index of benign and malignant salivary gland tumours, while no significant relationship was noted in labeling index between adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma neither between mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In situ hybridization detection show low expression of Bax and was noted in only 3 cases of pleomorphic adenoma cases (25%), 10 cases in adenoid cystic carcinoma cases (52.63 %), however, mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed high expression of these markers than other salivary gland tumours, whereas adenocarcinoma show equal number of cases expressed both PCNA protein and Bax mRNA. No significant relationship was demonstrated between the immunostaining PCNA or Bax and the morphological growth pattern or patient clinical profile. Positive significant correlation was found between PCNA and Bax mRNA in pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cases. Conclusion: The high proliferative rate could explain the natural course of these tumours and the decreased expression of bax in salivary gland tumours indicate that loss of bax expression might give the tumour cells a double growth advantage because uncontrolled proliferation is combined with reduce cell death rate. The interaction may trigger a multistep process which is able to promote and may play a role in salivary gland tumour genesis, possibly by inhibiting the apoptosis mediated by Bax.
Since the emergence of the science of international relations as an independent academic scientific field, various theories and trends have appeared and have tried to understand and explain the international reality and give a clear picture of what is happening within the international system of interactions and influences and the search for tools for stability and peace in international relations. Among these theories is the feminist theory, which is a new intellectual trend on the level of international relations theories, which tried to give an explanation of what is happening in world politics and in international relations in particular. The main issue that feminist theory is concerned with is the lack of women’s subordination
... Show MoreTo investigate the role of IL-6 and IL-8 in the immune-regulatory mechanisms involved in the recurrent spontaneous abortion of the first trimester of pregnancy. Serum level of IL-6 and IL-8 were determined in 25 women of age (20-35) years who had a spontaneous abortion of unknown aetiology during the first trimester of pregnancy .They were compared with the corresponding levels of 20 pregnant and non-pregnant women as control groups .cytokine levels were measured by (ELISA) technique .The women with spontaneous abortion had highly significant (P < 0.01) increased serum level of IL-8 and highly significant (P < 0.01 ) decreased level of IL-6 compared to those with normal pregnant and non-pregnant women. The results of this study ma
... Show MoreThe research aims to shed light on the possibility of measuring the intellectual capital in the Iraqi insurance company using accounting models, as well as disclosing it in the financial statements of the company, where human capital was measured using the present value factor model for discounted future revenues and the intellectual value-added factor model for measuring structural capital It was also disclosed in the financial statements based on the theory of stakeholders. The research problem lies in the fact that the Iraqi insurance company does not carry out the process of measuring and disclosing the intellectual capital while it is considered an important source for the company’s progress in the labor market recently. T
... Show MoreThis study was carried out to study effect of magnetic water ( M0 and M) and different concentrations of coconut extract in Fragaria x ananassa (Duch) C.V Festival. The results showed significant differences in the plants treated with magnetic water ( 0.12 Tesla) and different concentrations of coconut extract C1 (0%), C2 (2.5%), C3 (5%), C4 (7.5%) and C5 (10%) in vegetative parameters as in leaf area and chlorophyll in treatment M0C3 was (53.72 Dcm2, 50.00), respectively, highest leaf number and plant dry weight in MC4 (12.77,14.22 gm), respectively. Results recorded significant differences in fruit parameters such as weight in MC1 (18.97 gm). The maximum fruit number was in MC3 (110), the greatest fruit size was in MC4 (15.78 cm3) and the
... Show MoreThe study aims to determine the responsibility of nursing staff for medical errors that accompany the surgery at the hospital , which is one of the important issues that the importance of determining the responsibility of landlords nursing medical errors in the hospital was the rationale in choosing the subject. Since study included cases of errors nursing staff of (22) case. While the checklist distributed to a sample of nursing Angel Group in Sadr Teaching Hospital 's (100) nurs According to the problem, the study in determining the responsibility of nursing staff for medical errors that are not important for the hospitals. Has shown results of the study agreement members of the study sample that the clarity of the power posses
... Show MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the efficacy of L-carnitine, multivitamins and their combination therapies on semen characteristics in idiopathic male infertility. Idiophathic infertile patients were randomly divided into three groups who had received three different treatment regimens for three months: group A (45 patients) has received 2 grams daily of L-carnitine alone; group B (55 patients) had received the combination of L-carnitine (2 grams daily) plus one tablet daily of multivitamins (Stresstabs®); and group C (29 patients) had received one tablet daily of multivitamins alone. The study was started on 1/11/2009 and completed on 31/3/2010 and performed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital in
... Show MoreTen species of whiteflies (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) representing six genera were studied from a collection from different localities in the middle of Iraq. These species are Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh, 1931); Bemisia afer (Priesner and Hosny,1934); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889); Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead,1885); Dialeurodes kirkaldy (Kotinsky, 1907); Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett, 1926; Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday, 1835); Trialeurodes ricini (Misra, 1924); Trialeurodes vapovariorum (Westwood,1856) and Trialeurodes irakeensis (Al-Malo and Abdul-Rassoul, 2000). Notes are given on their localities, date of c
... Show MoreTotal Quality Assurance Concept have appeared in Higher Education Institutions as a result of the continuous criticism for the lower quality of the outputs of these institutions and their inappropriacy to the needs of the job market. The faculty, i.e. teaching staff member, is one of the most important output for his/her responsibility to achieve the stated goals in higher education. This represents a problem that may influence the construction of society which has to limit his tasks, responsibilities, and competencies that should be found in a faculty, and evaluating his teaching profession in light of the prerequisites of the century to become an input to achieve quality assurance in Higher Education. Therefore, the present study aims
... Show More