Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease, presenting in various clinical forms WHO had regarded OLP as a precancerous conditions in 1978 because of its potential with cancer. Both antigen-specific and nonspecific mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity representing more than 94% of oral cancer. It occurs in different sites and has many etiological factors. Cyclin Dl is a proto-oncogene which consider as the key protein in the regulation of cell proliferation and its overexpression led to the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors.NF-KB p65 is a member ofNF-kB family of transcription factors that widely used by eukaryotic cells as a regulator of genes that control cell proliferation and cell survival, also plays a major role in inflammation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 & NF-KB p65 in OLP & OSCC & to correlate the expression of the studied markers with the clinicopathological findings and with each other. Materials and Methods: Fifty (50) formalin – fixed, paraffin – embedded blocks of both Oral Lichen Planus (25 cases) & Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (25 cases) were collected pro- and retrospectively were included in this study. Hematoxylin & Eosin stain was performed for each block for reassessment of histopathological examination. An immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti Cyclin D1 and anti NF-KB p65 monoclonal antibodies. Results: Of twenty five OLPstudied cases , positive Cyclin D1 & NF-KB p65 expression was found in (84%) and (88%)of the cases respectively. For OSCC ,out of 25 studied cases ,positive Cyclin D1 & NF-KB p65 expression was observe in (88%) and (96%) of cases respectively. Statistically significant correlation between Cyclin D1immuno- reactivity and clinical presentation of OLP was found. Statistically significant correlation of Cyclin D1 immunoreactivity with tumor grade andNF-kBp65 immunoreactivity with tumor stage in OSCC cases was found. Statistically a highly significant correlation between the expression of two studied markers in OLP and OSCC was found. Conclusion: A highly significant correlation was seen regarding the expression of both markers with each other, suggesting their cooperative role in the pathogenesis of OLP and OSCC.
The research seeks to highlight the importance of digital finance in banking by providing financial and banking services and its role in improving the access of financial services to customers at the farthest possible point by using modern technology to finance their needs by granting them cash credits through electronic payment tools to facilitate them and shorten time and effort as well as Low cost, and this cannot be achieved without concerted efforts and the provision of basic infrastructure that includes connecting the Internet to all targeted areas, whether cities or rural areas, as well as distributing the largest possible number of ATMs and sending specialized teams to those areas that develop in customers the culture of digital
... Show MoreBackground: COVID-19 pandemic has influenced all life aspects; Dental staff, like other healthcare providers, may be exposed to COVID-19 as part of their work and its psychological impacts on healthcare workers should not be ignored
Objectives: To assess the anxiety, and fear from COVID-19 pandemic in dentists working in specialist dental centers: sample the Al-Resafa health directorate, and its relation between the anxiety, and COVID-19 fear with some of their demographic variables
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2nd Jan. to 14th Feb. 2021, by an electronic version of questionnaire through Google-form; the questionnaire was formed based on Mental-Health-American-Org
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Background. Gene polymorphisms affect etanercept’s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and side effects. This effect is evidenced by the extensive genetic variation in the drug’s targets. Objectives. This study aims to find the association between different genotypes of the promoter region of the TNF-α gene at -308G/A(rs1800629), -857C/T(rs1799724), -863 C/A(rs1800630), -1031 T/C (rs1799964), -806 C/T (rs4248158) and -376 G/A (rs1800750) and the side effects of ETN that occurred to Iraqi RA patients. Method. The trial included patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had been using ETN for at least six months. The participants were from the Baghdad Teaching Hospital Rheumatology Unit. The PCR was sequenced to determine the polymo
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Background: Most primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Iraq have a referral system records; however, this mechanism does not function well because of the lack of other requirements for an efficient referral system.
Objective: To assess the practice & opinion of doctors in PHCs toward the referral system, and to determine the doctors in PHC's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine health directorates in Iraq, from the 1st October 2018 – 30th June 2019.One PHC was selected randomly form each sector in every governorate, A questionnaire was used to collect the required information.
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The study aimed to find out the relationship between the dimensions of internal control systems and the availability of an effective governance framework in the Sudanese banks. The study used descriptive and analytical method for collecting and analyzing the study data using SPSS program. The questionnaire was used as an analysis tool. The target sample of Sudanese bank employees, the study found several results, including that the bank avoids methods that lead to the rational use of available resources, and identifies and separation of tasks among employees, in addition to rapid response to reports The study found several recommendations, including the need for a list of banks that are sufficiently flexible and comp
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A simple, environmental friendly and selective sample preparation technique employing porous membrane protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) loaded with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) is described. After the extraction, the analyte was desorbed using ultrasonication and was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of OTA for coffee, grape juice and urine were 0.06 ng g−1, 0.02 and 0.02 ng mL−1, respectively while the quantification limits were 0.19 ng g−1, 0.06 and 0.08 ng mL−1, respectively. The recoveries of OTA from coffee spiked at 1, 25 and 50 ng g−1, grape juice and urine samples at 1, 25 and 50 ng mL
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The current study included the anatomical structure of the metatarsal bone in sheep in terms of the traditional structural description of the bone, as it was found that the metatarsal bone in the fore and hind limbs of adult sheep had no visible differences between it and animals, especially ruminants. The metacarpal \tarsal bone No. 3 was cylindrical in shape, with the presence of the metacarpal \tarsal bones 2 and 4 declines, articulated from the proximal end with the metacarpal and metatarsal bones whereas from the distal part with the fetlock joint and the first phalanx bone. The aim of the study is to determine whether the environment and its changes in Iraq have affected the animals and their bones in terms of length, thicknes
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