Evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of Ruta Chalepensis aerial part aqueous extract used in folk medicine in Iraq in Albino Wistar male and female rats. The study of chronic toxicity at the doses 100, 300 and 600mg/kg body weight in male and female rats for 90 days, recorded no mortality. Treated animals showed a normal weight change compared with control. The parameters of male fertility showed a significant decrease in the weight of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as a reduction in the number and the motility of spermatozoids at treated groups by the doses 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight compared to control group.

: Clobetasol propionate (CP) is a potent corticosteroid used for skin conditions but often causes side effects due its systemic absorption. To improve its solubility and reduce it side effects (like skin irritation, skin atrophy, hypopigmentation and steroidal acne), Microsponge (Msg) has been employed as a unique three-dimensional particle that can encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. This study aims to develop and evaluate CP Msg-loaded hydrogels. Two Clobetasol-loaded ethylcellulose-based Msg formulas were prepared using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method, then they were incorporated into Carbopol hydrogel. Two ratios of Carbopol 940 (1% and 1.5% w/w) were used. The prepared hydrogel were assessed for appearance, pH, dr

To synthesize new hydrazone derivatives of naproxen with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and devoid the ulcerogenic side effects. Hydrazones were synthesized by conjugation of naproxen hydrazide with seven natural and synthetic aldehyde and ketone by using glacial acetic acid as catalyst. The synthesis has been carried out following simple methodology in excellent isolated yields.The structure of the synthesized derivatives has been characterized by elemental microanalysis (CHN), FTIR Spectroscopy, and other physicochemical properties.The anti- inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vivo using the egg-white induced edema model in rats, and the results of the biological assay was found to be comparable to Nap

Background: Chemotherapeutic medication treatment for cancer is typically used in conjunction with other techniques as part of a routine regimen. It is well established that the capacity of different chemotherapeutic drugs to induce apoptosis is correlated with their anticancer efficacy. Quinazolinone-based drugs have demonstrated excellent responses from several cancer cell types. These substances have a lot of potential for use as building blocks in the creation of apoptosis inducers. Objective: To assess the new quinazolinone derivatives (M1 and M2) that were recently synthesized for their potential to halt wound healing and to use the acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) double stain to assess their capacity to induce apopto

The applications of herbal medicine have recently acquired growing interest in range of the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases. Olibanum has been used since ancient eras and several reports studied the pharmacological characteristics of boswellic acid, particularly their effect on the inflammatory response, analgesic properties, and anti-arthritic activity mostly in cell lines, but new approaches include animal models to assess these natural derivatives effects taking into consideration of being safer than synthetic preparations.  The impact of olibanum oil on several parameters was studied in rats during this study. These included white blood cell (WBC) count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C reactive protein (CRP), as well a

The aim of this study is to evaluating the antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis leaves extract on E. coli isolates. Maceration and Soxhlet apparatus were used to prepare aqueous and methanolic extracts; total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were conducted to determine the active compounds in the extracts. The results showed that both Laurus nobilis methanolic and aqueous extracts have a noticeable effect on scavenging free radicals. Free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic contents were 28.60 ±0.12 and 16.58 ±0.11mg/g in 50 mg/ml, in methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. The antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis leaves extracts showed that the methanolic extract was more effective than

In this paper, three types of epoxy-based coatings (Polyamide, pure Polyamine, and Polyamine reinforced by glass-flake) used as a lining for potable water tanks were studied using experimental and finite element methods. Tensile, impact, and fatigue tests were conducted on uncoated and coated AISI 316 stainless steel. The test results show that the applied epoxy based coating improves the mechanical properties, increases of fatigue crack resistance, and enhance the dynamic fracture toughness. The fatigue crack propagation is influenced by the compositions of epoxy coating, and the glass-flake improves the coating resistance to fatigue crack propagation compared to other types.

This research attempts to evaluate the role of the information system by highlighting its importance in providing date and information to the tax administration the process of tax accounting for those who are subject to income tax whether they are individuals or companies where the effective information system provides accurate and reliable information in a timely manner.

At the theoretical part of the research, the research approaches the problem of the research represented in that whether the information system, applied in the General Commission for Taxes, is capable of achieving its role in reducing the phenomenon of tax evasion. The existence of a set of things which in the Commission may lead to increase tax evasion by taxpa

Our goal in this research, some new nucleoside analogues was synthesized. Starting from ?-D glucose which was converted to per acetylated ?-D gluco pyronoside then converted to active from(1-Bromo Sugar (2) as a sugar moiety.The base moiety 2-substituted benzimidazole was prepared from condensation of phenylene diamine with different aromatic aldehydes, which were subjected to amino alkylation via Mannich reaction forming new nucleobase derivatives. Condensation of nucleobase with bromo sugar through nucleophilic substitution of anomeric carbon with nitrogen forming new protected nucleoside analogues then hydrolyzed with sodium methoxide in methanol to obtain our target, the free nucleoside analogues. All prepared compound were identified b