Background: Calcium hydroxide and calcium-silicate materials used as direct pulp capping materials. The aims of this in vitro study is to compare among these materials in, the calcium ion release and pH change in soaking water after immersion of materials’ specimens in deionized water. Also Solubility and water sorption of materials’ specimens measured after soaking time. Calcium-silicate materials used were Biodentine, TheraCal and MTA Plus. Materials and methods: Four materials used in this study; Urbical lining (as control group), Biodentine, TheraCal and MTA Plus. Ten discs fabricated from each tested material, by using plastic moulds of 9 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. Each specimen was immersed in 10 ml of deionized water and stored at 37ºC using incubator for 3 hr, 24hr, 14 days and 30 days as a sequence. The amount of calcium ion (Ca+2) released in soaking water was measured in each tube using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Also pH analysis for soaking water measured by using pH meter. For solubility and water sorption measurement, the specimen (n=10) weighed with precision weighing scale before immersion in deionzed water to determine the initial Weight (W1) and immediately after weighing immersed in 10 mL of deionized water at 37 °C for 1 week using an incubator, then removed and weighing again (W2). The samples blotted dry using filter paper and dehydrated in an oven at 37 °C for 24 hr. and weighed again (W3). Then percentage of solubility and water sorption were determined. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at 0.05 significant levels. Results: Statistical analysis showed highly significant differences (P<0. 05) among tested materials and in all tests (Ca+2 release, pH change, solubility and water sorption). Biodentine showed higher calcium ion released at four soaking time (3 hr, 24hr, 14 days and 30 days), with non significant difference with TheraCal and highly significant difference with MTA Plus and control group at 24 hr. immersion time; While MTA Plus showed non significant difference with control group at 24 hr. Less amount of calcium released was in control group. All tested materials induced alkalization of the soaking water that decreased with time. Means of solubility and water sorption showed that MTA Plus and biodentine had higher solubility in comparison with control group, while TheraCal showed less solubility than control group. The results of water sorption showed that less sorption percentage occurred in control group in comparison with other groups. Conclusion: calcium-silicate materials released more Ca+2 with time than calcium hydroxide. TheraCal showed less solubility and higher water sorption in comparison with control group. Biodentine and MTA Plus showed higher solubility and water sorption in comparison with TheraCal and control group.
Bigheaded carps (bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and their hybrids play an important ecological and economic role in their original habitat, while their introduced stocks may pose serious ecological risks. To address questions about the persistence and invasiveness of these fish, we need to better understand their population structures. The genetic structures of bigheaded carp populations inhabiting Lake Balaton and the Tisza River were examined with ten microsatellite markers and a mitochondrial DNA marker (COI). The Lake Balaton stock showed higher genetic diversity compared with the Tisza River stock. Based on hierarchical clustering, the Tisza population was characterized o
... Show MoreThe main objectives of this study are to study the enhancement of the load-carrying capacity of Asymmetrical castellated beams with encasement the beams by Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) and lacing reinforcement, the effect of the gap between top and bottom parts of Asymmetrical castellated steel beam at web post, and serviceability of the confined Asymmetrical castellated steel. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for four specimens Asymmetrical castellated beams section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement of the Asymmetrical castellated steel beam consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side and laced reinforced which are use
... Show MoreThe vast advantages of 3D modelling industry have urged competitors to improve capturing techniques and processing pipelines towards minimizing labour requirements, saving time and reducing project risk. When it comes to digital 3D documentary and conserving projects, laser scanning and photogrammetry are compared to choose between the two. Since both techniques have pros and cons, this paper approaches the potential issues of individual techniques in terms of time, budget, accuracy, density, methodology and ease to use. Terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry are tested to document a unique invaluable artefact (Lady of Hatra) located in Iraq for future data fusion sc
Population density represents an important indicator for determining the growth of the size of urban areas. Population density has a direct impact on the quality of life, and its excessive rise may lead to the deterioration of basic service facilities. The problem of the research is that the increase in the total population densities of the residential neighborhood may reflect negatively on the nature of the services provided to the residents in these shops, and thus the failure to achieve sustainability in the residential locality. The research assumes that the increase in population densities negatively affects the achievement of sustainability in the residential neighborhood.
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On of the direct causes which led to the global financial crisis 2008 is decrease or collapse in liquidity of large financial institutions which is reflected on investments of a considerable number of institutions and persons.
This study aim's through out its three sections to explain the disclosure level of financial institutions which affected by Financial Crisis from liquidity information which explained in the statement of cash flow according to Timeliness and Completeness.
The study concluded an important result the company of research sample was disclosure in Timeliness and Completeness from all of accounting information is related in liquidity or that related in result of operations and financial position. The more
... Show MoreTime series is an important statistical method adopted in the analysis of phenomena, practices, and events in all areas during specific time periods and predict future values contribute to give a rough estimate of the status of the study, so the study aimed to adopt the ARIMA models to forecast the volume of cargo handled and achieved in four ports (Umm Qasr Port, Khor Al Zubair Port, Abu Flus Port, and Maqal Port(, Monthly data on the volume of cargo handled for the years (2006-2018) were collected (156) observations. The study found that the most efficient model is ARIMA (1,1,1).
The volume of go
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify and diagnose the public relations strategies in its digital online communications by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in managing the crisis of Iraqi refugees in Turkey. A content analysis form was designed for the digital content of the UNHCR's website dedicated to topics and issues concerning Iraqi refugees that were covered by the site, adopting a comprehensive enumeration approach. The study covered the period from 01/03/2022, to 30/06/2022. The research yielded several key findings, including the predominant use of media, advertising, and education strategies in managing the crisis of Iraqi refugees in Turkey. News and reports ranked first among the media
... Show MoreThe interest in the intellectual capital and its development is a civilized necessity imposed by the requirements of the times and cannot imagine an advanced society in its potential productivity in poor efficiency of human capital, and features the work environment change permanently, putting the management of financial companies against a constant challenge toward coping with new developments in this changing environment and this is not taken unless owned by these companies qualified human resources and the provision of Culture organizers have, which manifested itself with the research problem by the following two questions:
- Did the intellectual capital value specific financial and
Aims: This study aims to compare patients’ complaints and problems of wearing complete dentures.
Methodology: The sample included 40 Iraqi patients who are wearing complete dentures from about five years ago. They
were selected randomly with a age range between (55–65) years. The questions asked to the patients were listed according
to the recent classification of post-insertion problems.
Result: The results showed that the percentage of patient's complaint from adaptation problems (62.1%) was higher than
looseness problems (61.3%) and discomfort problems (39.3%) as followed.
Recommendation: Dentists need thorough knowledge of anatomy, physiology, pathology and psychology. The assessing
of the psyche and emotions