Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gingiva and bone supporting the teeth. Smoking, which is an important risk factor for periodontitis, induce oxidative stress in the body and cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on periodontal health status by estimating the levels of salivary SOD level in non-smokers (controls) and light and heavy smokers and to test the correlation between the SOD enzyme level and the clinical periodontal parameters in each group. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 75 male, with age ranged from 35 to 50 years. Clinically, the periodontal parameters used in this study were Plaque index (PLI). Gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), Bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL), unstimulated saliva sample were collected from all subjects and the levels of superoxide dismutase enzyme was analyzed for each group , and correlate the mean of salivary enzyme levels with the clinical periodontal parameters. Results: Highly significant differences in PLI between (non smokers/heavy smokers) and (light smokers/heavy smokers).On the other hand no significant difference in gingival index between groups. There were a high association between severity of smoking & probing pocket depth and there is association between severity of smoking and clinical attachment loss. There were a significant difference in the level of salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme between the (non smokers/light smokers) groups & between (heavy smokers/light smokers) &there were highly significant differences between (non smokers/heavy smokers) groups. There is no correlation between the activities of the salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme and the clinical periodontal parameters except in SOD with (BOP score 0 and PPD score 1&score 3) in heavy smokers group. Conclusions: Superoxide dismutase enzyme can be used as biomarker for estimating the level of oxidative stress on smoking habits.
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Take the teacher's key position in the educational system as a foundation stone and primarily responsible for achieving the goals of Education , and efficient teacher conscious is the teacher who prepared educationally and specialized training well add to the enjoyment of a range of features that enable them to adjust and compatibility with educational developments
Hence the problem of the study questioning the Kindergarten Does teacher professional awareness that enable it to perform its work learned from experienceThe research sought to measure
1-Professional awareness among teacher Kindergarten
2-Professional awareness of Kindergarten parameters depending on the type of kindergarten.
Limited search parameters Riyadh govern
The influence of process speed (PS) and tillage depth (TD) , on growth of corn (Zea mays L) yield, for Maha cultivar, were tested at two ranges of PS of 2.483 and 4.011 km.hr-1, and three ranges of TD of 15,20 and 25cm. The experiments were conducted in a factorial experiment under complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the PS of 2.483 km.hr-1 was significantly better than the PS of 4.011km.hr-1 in all studied conditions. The , slippage ratio (SR) and the machine efficiency (ME), the physical soil characteristics represented by the soil density and porosity (SBD and TSP), and the plant characteristics represented the roots dry weight, PVI and the crop productivity (CP), except adjective of the fu
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The current research attempts to examine the relationship between social-psychological conflict and their relation to family upbringing approaches among the adolescents of intermediate stage according to sex and economical level. To do this, the researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure social-psychological conflict that consisted of (32) item divided on four dimensions, and also she prepared a questionnaire to measure family upbringing approaches which composed of (28) item divided on four dimensions. The sample was (260) male and female student from intermediate stage chosen randomly. The results revealed that there were significant differences between social-psychological conflict which went to male, there was a negative correlat
... Show MoreDiabetes exacerbates frailty syndrome in elderly adults, with long-term protein and calorie deficiencies contributing to physical decline and worsening health outcomes.
To assess nutritional status and frailty amongst elderly people with diabetes mellitus and to find out the relation between these two variables.
An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 650 elderly with diabetes mellitus at two endocri
The goal of health awareness is to familiarize people with health information and facts, and make them realize their sense of responsibility towards their health and the health of others. And translate that goal in practice through applying healthy and sound behaviors spontaneously. This, the goal, is pursued by health awareness announcements through employing announcement persuasion of health as one of the methods of influencing the masses to adopt ideas, behaviors, and adherence to health advice and guidelines; The study aims to analyze the content of the Ministry of Health and Environment announcements regarding health awareness and to reveal the most employable persuasions in health awareness announcements
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Researchers are interested in the issue of children abuse and they look for its cause in the past and present. Their interest is limited to identifying penal liability which is caused by children abuse away from focusing on civil liability. So, the study is going to clarify the parents' responsibility for children abuse rather than civil liability of the medic in case he wouldn’t notify the authorities about the case according to the American law rules and the attitude of Iraqi law rather than some judicial application of civil cases that were exposed to American judiciary concerning children abuse.
Background: Suffering from recurrent boils (furunclosis) is a common problem in our locality as it is noticed by many dermatologists especially in association with increasingly hot weather. The most common causative organisms are staphylococci. Objective: The aim of the study was to shed the light upon this problem and compare two systemic therapeutic agents for the prevention of recurrence, doxycycline and rifampicin. Patient and method: One hundred thirty-five (135) Patients with recurrent boils from Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital dermatology outpatient department were included in this study; age ranged from 10 to 64 years old and out of total patients 32 were males and 103 were females. Patients were assessed by full history and cl
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