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Periodontal health status and salivary enzymes level in smokers and non-smokers (comparative, cross sectional study)
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Background: Smoking is considering a major risk factor for development and progression of periodontal disease. Investigations regarding the association between smoking and periodontal disease have consistently demonstrated negative periodontal effects and greater probabilities of established periodontal disease among smokers in comparison with non smokers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on periodontal health status and on the salivary levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), and to correlate the clinical parameters of periodontal health with the biochemical findings in smokers and non-smokers. Materials and methods: Unstimulated saliva sample was collected from 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers for biochemical analysis of salivary enzymes. Periodontal parameters including: plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Results: statistical analysis revealed that ALP in saliva was significantly higher in smoker than the non smoker group and there was a highly significant difference in the salivary LDH and CK levels between smokers and non-smokers groups. Plaque index (PLI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher in smokers compared with non smokers, while there was decrease in the number of bleeding sites. Conclusions: smokers group revealed more periodontal tissue destruction than non-smokers group represented by deeper pockets and more clinical attachment level. Salivary enzymes (ALP, LDH and CK) are considered as good biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and can be used to evaluate the effect of smoking on periodontal health status.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Images of ruin in "Throne" and " Water stream" by Maysaloon Hadi and "War" by Glezio: A Compartive Study: Les images du débris dans "Le trône et le ruisseau " de Maysaloon Hadi et "La guerre" de Le Glézio (étude comparative)
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Our research comes to shed light on Iraqi literature as literature that arose in special circumstances alongside foreign literature. Using comparative research methods, we chose to highlight two distinguished writers, who have their mark in the world of literature. The first is the Iraqi writer Maysaloun Hadi, who is considered an icon of Iraqi feminist literature, and the second is the French writer Le Clézieu, who won the Nobel in 2008. We will see through the research how the two authors expressed their views of modernity and urbanism. And how each of them separately portrayed the psychological and moral projections that formed the essence of man today. 

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Notre recherche abord un des points inc

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Hidden messages in (Pour un oui ou pour un non) of Nathalie Sarraute: Les messages cachés dans "Pour un oui ou pour un non" de Nathalie Sarraute
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       The implicit is the narrative technique used to give indirect hidden messages. To read between the lines means to understand the implicit meaning that is not directly indicated. This technique is expressed in two forms: the hypothesis and the implications of linguistic and non-linguistic rules. Nathalie Sarraute’s "Pour un oui ou pour un non" states this narrative method through her character’s verbal and non-verbal dialogue. The present paper discusses the implicit method and shows the reason behind which  the author uses it in her play "Pour un oui ou pour un non".

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of crude alcoholic extracted for the Seeds and Leaves of Apium graveolens Var dulce. In the level of some female hormones in albino Mice.
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The quantitative determination of the estrogen E2, Progestron P4 & follicle stimulating hormones FSH in the serums of Albino mice used in the experiments & treated by crude alcoholic extracted 95% of the seeds & leaves of Apium graveolens was a significant increase in the concentration of estrogen of different kinds of the extracted in comparison with the values of the coefficient of the control group, that is the study recorded a significant increase of the concentration of estrogen; it was the highest in the mice which was administrated by the methanolic extracted 95%, then it was less in the mouse which was administrated by the ethanolic extracted., and it was the least in the mice which were administrated by the crude ethanolic-methano

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 11 2025
Journal Name
Discover Oncology
The role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of cell death pathways in melanoma
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Publication Date
Mon Nov 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Impact the Organizational downsizing in organizational health: Analytical research in the Directorate of Education in Nineveh
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This research aims to determine the extent of the contribution of organizational downsizing strategies to enhance the health of the researched organization represented by the Directorate of Education in Nineveh, and to achieve this goal, the study provided a simplified intellectual framework for the most important topics covered by writers and researchers for search variables, reinforced by an applied analytical framework for the opinions of (79) individuals responsible for the researched organization. The research adopted organizational downsizing as an independent variable that includes three dimensions represented by (reduction of human resources, job redesign, systemic strategy), while the organizational health represented th

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation to the level of some inflammatory markers in hypothyroid insulin resistant patients
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Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid hormones levels decreased in the blood. These hormones are necessary for energy production and body viability. In many occasions this condition is accompanied or followed by different metabolic disorders. The current study is conducted in the "Specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes" and carried on 70 hypothyroid patients and 60 randomly chosen individuals with normal thyroid function .Both groups were submitted to laboratory tests to evaluate thyroid function (T3,T4.TSH). The study involved evaluation of the relationship between hypothyroidism and insulin resistance (IR) . Health problem related to many diseases , became common lately. Insulin resistance diagnosed through

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Low Level Acute of Aflatoxin on Performance in Faw- Bro Broiler
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This study was conducted in the Poultry farm of the animal during the Production department, Iraqi during the (Ministry of Science and Technology) period from 3-9-2001 to 8-4-2002. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of low – level chronic aflatoxicosis on performance (body weight, feed conversion efficiency and mortality), Serum biochemistry and activity of some enzymes (GOT,GPT, ALKP, LDH). A total of 300 male chicks of broiler breeder (Faw–Bro) were used. Chicks at day 1 of age were fed diets contaminated with aflatoxine at levels of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 the feeding period were extended to 8 weeks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the completely randomized design. The results showed

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detemination of zine level in blood serum by neutron activation anal ysis(N.A.A)
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zine level in serum was mesured from patients suffering ftom cancer and healthy indiciduals hindred from each individuals were classified into three according to thier age the groups were

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
the effect of ethanol on the level of sialic acid in the brain
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The study dosage ethanol in the total content of acid sialic TC and acid sialic associated fat (LBSA) in blood serum and congener brain Dkor Jerd eggs study included dosage 20 animals of male rat Ald ethanol daily for a period of four weeks and concentrations 20% and 30%, 40%, 50% and size of dose 5mlThe results of the study showed that levels of TSA homogeneous in the brain and blood serum significantly reduced Ankhvaza

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Measuring the Level of Entrepreneurial Orientation: Analytical Research in the National Security Advisory
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The current research aims to measure the level of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions (creativity, independence, proactivity, risk tolerance, and achievement) in the National Security Chancellery, as its importance and role in guiding senior leaders of the chancellery to make strategic decisions with high quality in various Iraqi concerns, more specifically the security aspect. The data was collected from 94 individuals (the research sample) from the research community (120) individuals at different administrative levels and intentionally where the questionnaire was adopted as a main tool for data collection and the primary data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard dev

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