Ionic liquids (ILs) have been recognized for their potential as environmentally friendly solvents when compared to traditional organic solvents. Additionally, their function goes beyond that of solvents, and cocatalysts, as they frequently act as stabilizing agents and ligands for the metal-active species and intermediates in catalytic systems. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on the application of Pd-incorporated ILs in catalyzing cross-coupling Suzuki reactions. The responses play a vital role in creating a wide range of structurally diverse and highly functionalized organic compounds, focusing specifically on nucleopalladation Suzuki coupling reactions. The review provides a detailed summary of the reaction conditions, stereos

This study investigated the application of the crystallization process for oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad oilfield affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq). Zero liquid discharge system (ZLD) consists of several parts such as oil skimming, coagulation/flocculation, forward osmosis, and crystallization, the crystallization process is a final part of a zero liquid discharge system. The laboratory-scale simple evaporation system was used to evaluate the performance of the crystallization process. In this work, sodium chloride solution and East Baghdad oilfield produced water were used as a feed solution with a concentration of 177 and 220 g/l. The impact of temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), mixing speed (300, 400, and 500 rp

This study investigated the application of the crystallization process for oilfield produced water from the East Baghdad oilfield affiliated to the Midland Oil Company (Iraq). Zero liquid discharge system (ZLD) consists of several parts such as oil skimming, coagulation/flocculation, forward osmosis, and crystallization, the crystallization process is a final part of a zero liquid discharge system. The laboratory-scale simple evaporation system was used to evaluate the performance of the crystallization process. In this work, sodium chloride solution and East Baghdad oilfield produced water were used as a feed solution with a concentration of 177 and 220 g/l. The impact of temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), mixing speed (300, 400, and 500

Construction projects have a special nature and affect them many factors making them exposed to multiple risks as a result of the length of the implementation period and the multiplicity of stages, starting from the decision stage through implementation until the final delivery, which leads to increased uncertainty and the likelihood of risk.
The process of analysis and risk management is one of the effective and productive methods that are used in managing the construction projects for the purpose of increasing the chances of ending the project successfully in terms of cost, time and quality and at the lowest possible problems.

The research aims first to the effective planning for analysis and risk managemen

Variation orders are an on-going phenomenon in construction and industry projects worldwide, particularly in the province of Sulaimani, where the project's damage from cost and schedule overrun because of variation orders. However, the effect on project costs and time overrun of variation order has yet to be identified. This study evaluates the impact of variation orders on the cost and time off in the Sulaimani governorate. Two hundred twenty-eight projects from various construction sectors built between 2007-2012 were adopted to calculate the contract cost and schedule overruns due to variation orders. Data analysis was applied in the study were descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA was also applied to determine w

Abstract: Lymphoproliferative Disorders (LPDs) are a group of neoplasms affecting various cells within lymphoid system. Each type has different treatment a..70619

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of God’s creation, Muhammad bin Abdullah, the illiterate Arab prophet, the faithful, and his family and companions.
And yet ...

     The realistic view is that Islamic jurisprudence is not exaggerated in the judgment of compensation, so it is judged for everything that has been lost by the victim of a profit or his loss, but he takes into account the bearing of the guarantee between profit and loss or the principle on which the theory of bearing liability is found, and it is clear through research that Islam The principle of respecting money, souls and rights is considered a public order, but it may exclude some ca