Background: Restoration of the gingival margin of Class II cavities with composite resin continues to be problematic, especially where no enamel exists for bonding to the gingival margin. The aim of study is to evaluate the marginal leakage at enamel and cementum margin of class II MOD cavities using amalgam restoration and modern composite restorations Filtek™ P90, Filtek™ Z250 XT (Nano Hybrid Universal Restorative) and SDR bulk fill with different restoratives techniques. Materials and method: Eighty sound maxillary first premolar teeth were collected and divided into two main groups, enamel group and cementum group (40 teeth) for each group. The enamel group was prepared with standardized Class II MOD cavity with gingival margin (1 mm above C.E.J) on both box sides. While the cementum group with the gingival margin (1 mm below C.E.J) on both sides. The enamel and cementum groups were then subdivided into eight subgroups for each (five teeth) with 10 boxes for each group. Subgroups within the main group named according to materials and techniques that were used with it as following: Amalgam subgroup (Permite, SDI), SDR subgroup (DENTSPLY) with bulk technique, Filtek™ P90 subgroup (3M ESPE) with three incremental techniques (Oblique, Horizontal and Centripetal technique), and Filtek™ Z250XT subgroup (3M ESPE) with three incremental techniques (Oblique, Horizontal and Centripetal technique).After specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling at (5° to 55 °C). Microleakage was evaluated by stereomicroscope (20 X). Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Result: All experimental groups showed leakage at cementum more than enamel groups. SDR bulk fill subgroup showed the highest marginal leakage among all experimental groups followed by Filtek™ Z250 XT subgroup with horizontal technique at both enamel and cementum groups. Silorane and Filtek™ Z250 XT subgroups with oblique technique showed the least marginal leakage followed by centripetal technique at both enamel and cementum groups. Amalgam restoration subgroup shows lesser leakage than SDR bulk fills subgroup significantly at both enamel and cementum groups. While it show higher leakage than Silorane subgroup with oblique technique significantly at enamel margin only. Conclusion: The limiting factors for marginal leakage are technique and material dependent.
This paper deals with the most important factors leading to child marriage and the importance of the study shed light on the factors leading to the marriage of minors than to underage marriage of repercussions on society and on the individual and household level, and thus its effects on the development of Almrah Battabarha half of society Vsba minors hinders progress Almrah and deprive of her childhood and deprive them of education leading to the spread of illiteracy , in addition to the marriage of minors having psychological risks, health and social girl and the family together.
The objectives of the study focused on identifying the socio and cultural factors leading to the marriage of minors, and highlights the marriage Alqaasratal
This study was conducted in a lath house, Dept of Hort. and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. During the 2021 growing season, Baghdad will investigate the influence of organic and Biological fertilizers on three Citrus rootstocks' growth and leaf mineral content. The first factor is the addition of liquid organic fertilizers Vit-Org (O) at three levels without addition (O0), soil addition at 10 ml.L-1 (O10) and soil addition at 20 ml.L-1 (O20). The second factor is the addition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria without addition (N1), add 30 ml.Transplant-1 of Azotobacter chroococcum (N2) and add 30 ml.Transplant-1 of Azospirillum brasilemse (N3). The third factor is three citrus rootstocks: sour orange (R1), R
... Show More
(3)
(5)
Risks are confronting the foundations of buildings and structures when exposed to earthquakes which leads to high displacements that may cause the failure of the structures. This research elaborates numerically the effect of the earthquake on the vertical and lateral displacement of footing resting on the soil. The thickness of the footing and depth of soil layer below the footing was taken as (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) and (10, 20 and 40m), respectively. The stiffness ratio of soil to footing was also elaborated at 0.68, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.7. The results showed an increase in the verticle displacement of footing as the duration of the earthquake increases. The increase of soil layer thickness below the footing leads to a reduction in the vertical
... Show More
(4)
Summary
This research is included in the study of one of the most important rules of jurisprudence, which is (necessity descends the status of necessity, controls and applications) branching from the major rule (hardship brings facilitation) and since the jurisprudential rule is defined as knowledge of a total or majority rule that applies to all its parts. He has to know all the branches that fall under him, which leads to understanding Sharia, controlling jurisprudential issues and linking them to its rules, so that no contradiction occurs, and he has the jurisprudential faculty that he promotes in consideration and diligence. And what is meant by need: is what is lacking in terms of expansion and raising the distress that often lea
Any person, regardless of his location in the air, whether he was kidnapped or trained, and then he performs a certain work, believes that his work is in vain, and by God, his deeds. I wonder if those who hold him in the first place will be safe in good form. He said that the essence of justice in the story is the story:
These are given the meaning we have fought in the fact that each group of. He went beyond creating a group of blocs, sects, and parties. If justice indicated one meaning, these relationships between people and peace would diminish. In fact, justice has only one concept, but there are several associations with it in the field of divorced one of these synonyms. However, the variation in racist drums in the encounte
... Show MoreGram-positive enterococciare opportunistic and resistant to many antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Enterococcus spp. in our community and whether these isolates are resistant to the macrolides class of antibiotics. Fifty isolates from 112 clinical samples were recognized as Enterococcus spp. and confirmed using Vitek-2 system. The current study found that 50/112 (44.6%) represented the total isolates, 38/50 (76%) of which were Enterococcus faecalis, while 12/50 (24%) were Enterococcus faecium, twenty (40%) isolates from root canals and 30 (60%) isolates from urine were isolated. The sensitivity of the enterococcal isolates to various macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) antibiotics wa
... Show More
(3)
In contrast to the classical antibacterial sulfa drugs that are unsubstituted or monosubstituted, our newly synthesized analogs were designed to obtain sulfonamide moiety containing disubstituted hetero nitrogen atom. These compounds were formed successfully by chlorosulfonation of acetanilide and the product was treated with different cyclic amines and finally amide hydrolysis was necessary to get agents that were analyzed for IR, UV, CHN, melting points and solubility. At last, we studied their antibacterial activity on certain types of bacteria and we noticed the inactivity due to possible steric factor. Principly, this means these products have no inhibiting action against the used microbes.
In this research has been the manufacture and study the properties of the solar cell type retail hybrid manner thermal evaporation emptiness were studying the properties of the cell at room temperature showed measurements stream circuit behavior linear cell manufacturers reached were calculated efficiency tool cell manufacturers, as well as the expense of workers filling the cell
The current study included the collection of 175 samples of blood (Urea-blood) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis from Al–Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al-Imamian Al-Kadhimyain Medical City in Baghdad from both sexes with different ages at the period between 1/10/2016-1/2/2017. Bacterial growth results showed that 80% of urea for bacterial transplantation were positive results, while the number of samples showing no bacterial growth was 20%. The bacterial isolation evaluate for morphological testes and biochemical microscopy, as well as identification by Api system. The highest frequency of inflectional bacteria was E. coli (41.97%), followed by E. cloacae (21.25%), P. aeruginosa (12.5%), Salmonella (10%), K
... Show MoreThis is a contextual study in face and isotope science, and I have made it in one of the terms faces and isotopes, which is the word (bad). Quranic also, and that is at every aspect they mentioned.
The nature of the research required that it be divided into three sections:
The first topic: I singled it out to show the types of contextual connotations.
- The second topic: I singled it out to define the word bad and its meaning.
- The third topic: I devoted it to the study of the word bad and explaining the significance of the Quranic context on the additional meaning and the original meaning.
Conclusion: It mentioned the most important results, which are:
1- The significance of the Quranic context is one of the most impo