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The Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on the Development of Normal Occlusal Features of the Primary Dentition among Baghdad Preschool Children
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Background: Normal occlusal features of primary dentition are crucial for normal development of the permanent dentition. Breastfeeding is an important factor for both general and dental health of children. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the breastfeeding duration on the prevalence of normal occlusal features of the primary dentition among preschool children in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: The sample was 630 Iraqi children (270- boys, 360 girls), aged 3-5 years selected from four kindergartens in Baghdad city. The study was carried out through questionnaire and clinical examination. Normal occlusal features were examined as the presence or absence of interincisive spaces (IS) and primate spaces (PS), terminal relationship of the primary second molar that classified as: Flush terminal (FT), mesial step (MS) and distal step (DS). The presence or absence of ideal incisor overbite was also recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Chi square and z test were used in data analysis. Result:s A significant relation was present between the duration of breastfeeding and the presence of: primate and interincisive spaces, flush terminal plane, mesial terminal plane and ideal incisor overbite. Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has a positive impact on the development of normal occlusal features of the primary dentition. Efforts should be taken to enhance the knowledge of the community, especially the mothers, about this impact to encourage them to practice exclusive breastfeeding for more than 12 months.

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Statistics
Single and Double Stage Shrinkage Estimators for the Normal Mean with the Variance Cases
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The impact of e-learning on the cognitive level in the Corona crisis: أسماء غازي عبد
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E-learning is a necessity imposed by the Corona pandemic, which has disrupted various educational institutions in the world, but some of these institutions have not been affected and education has continued with them, due to their flexible educational system that was able to employ technology in the continuity of the educational process in the so-called e-learning, because It has characteristics that make it the most suitable alternative to avoid the consequences of the Corona pandemic and its damage to the educational process, as e-learning is one of the modern methods that contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of the learner, and enabling him to assume greater responsibility compared to traditional education, so the learner becomes

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
South Asian Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanities
The Impact of the Sustainable Strategy on Strategic Performance: Field Study in the Iraqi Tourism Sector
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The tourism industry, with its two sides (recreational and religious), is one of the important investment fields in Iraq, it is represented Iraq as the second economic source after the oil sector. So a need for serious efforts to develop the tourism sector and maintain its sustainability. This paper will be one of the important contributions in this field; the paper aims to explore the extent of the impact of the sustainable strategy on the level of overall performance in the Iraqi tourism sector. The field of research was some Iraqi tourist institutions at Iraqi tourism, Which covers the field of study on the one side, and can be studied on the other side, for the developing study methodology and organizing its main parts, the research pap

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the cost of consulting services under the traditional cost approach and the performance-based costing technique and its impact on achieving profits : Applied research in the advisory office of Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering - University of Baghdad
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Abstract:

                    This research aims to apply the Performance Focused Activity Based Costing System in the consultant office of Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering at the University of Technology for the purpose of measuring the cost of consulting services provided by these offices in order to reduce costs and their reflection in achieving profits. For the purpose of calculating costs accurately, and to test the hypothesis of the research, the research was applied in the office of the consultant of the College of Engineering Al-Khwarizm - University of Baghdad through the financial statement

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2022
Journal Name
Sport Tk-revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Level of professional pressures during the use of e-learning teaching method among teachers of the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Baghdad
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Article Sources mutual complaint among the Directorates of Education staff and directors of Secondary schools in the province of Baghdad in light of some variables
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A field study aimed at identifying the sources of mutual complaints among the Directorates of Education staff of their departments and management and run it in their daily dealings with principals in the province of Baghdad, and adopt approach. It was determined the research consists of (2357) male and female employees and 305 randomly stratified simple by the rate of (7%) from the research community as the number of sample reached (167) male and female employees, and selected sample was randomly stratified simple by the rate of (39.67%) of the research community, as the number of sample was (121) principals. It was constructed two questionnaires, the first included (28) items and the second contained (28) items. And the two researchers

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 06 2008
Journal Name
Diyala Journal For Pure Science
Preliminary Test Bayesian –Shrunken Estimators for the Mean of Normal Distribution with Known Variance
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Some Estimation for the Parameters and Hazard Function of Kummer Beta Generalized Normal Distribution
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Transforming the common normal distribution through the generated Kummer Beta model to the Kummer Beta Generalized Normal Distribution (KBGND) had been achieved. Then, estimating the distribution parameters and hazard function using the MLE method, and improving these estimations by employing the genetic algorithm. Simulation is used by assuming a number of models and different sample sizes. The main finding was that the common maximum likelihood (MLE) method is the best in estimating the parameters of the Kummer Beta Generalized Normal Distribution (KBGND) compared to the common maximum likelihood according to Mean Squares Error (MSE) and Mean squares Error Integral (IMSE) criteria in estimating the hazard function. While the pr

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Prevalence of head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) among primary schools pupils in Nassirya city
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This study showed the spreading of head lice in pupils of primary schools of Al-Nassirya city. The results showed that the percentage of males infected with lice was (5.4 %) and (9 %) for females. Also was obtained difference at age groups which we found maximum percentage of infection at age between (8 – 11) year. The highest infection for the hair tall at medium tall for both sex which the ratio (35.2 %) while for both sex with ratio (25 %) for girls. While the highest percentage for straight hair was (14.8 %) for girls

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The role of thclimate in the development of the performance of the administrative bodies of sports clubs
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The role of the climate in the development of the performance of the administrative bodies of sports clubs

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