Background: Water-pipe can be defined as a single or multi stemmed device that used to vaporize and smoke flavored tobacco whose smoke is passed via water vase before inhalation. Water-pipe smokers are at risk of exposure to many toxic chemicals that are not filtered by water, as well as risk of infectious diseases when the mouth piece of the water-pipe is shared. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of water pipe on the oral health. Materials and Methods: Sixty persons were included in this study aged between 22 and 23 years. Forty persons were coffee shop workers for at least five years, half of them were water-pipe smokers (active smokers) and the other weren’t smokers (passive smoker), the last group was the control group which includes twenty non-smoker students matching the study group in the age, gender and geographical location. They had been diagnosed for plaque index of Silness and Leo in1964, calculus index according to calculus component of the Periodontal Disease Index, (PDI) of Ramfjord 1959 and gingival index of Löe and Sillness 1963 as well as loss of attachment according to criteria of WHO in1997. The values of the present study were subjected to statistical analysis by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 to specify the statistical differences between the three groups. The Kruskal-wallis test was used to determine the statistical significance of difference between the three groups. Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the statistical significance of difference between each 2 groups. Results: The mean rank values of dental plaque were recorded to be the highest among the coffee shop workers who were active water-pipe smokers group followed by the workers who were passive water-pipe smokers then control with statistically highly significant difference. Similar results were obtained concerning gingival and calculus indices with statistically highly significant difference. There is no significant difference concerning the attachment loss attachment loss among water-pipe smokers and the control group. Conclusions: this study concluded that water-pipe smoking is negatively associated with the oral cleanness and gingival health.
DC glow discharges were generated between a thin cylindrical anode and a flat cathode, streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization; the parameters of photo-ionization depend on the He: CO ratio. Therefore we study streamers in He ( 90%, 80% and 70% ) with (10%, 20% and 30%) CO respectively. The streamer diameter is essentially the change by increase for similar voltage and pressure in all He-CO mixtures.
Modern critical theories revealed polemical views about the reality of the existence of communication - as a necessity for building a deliberative discourse - in the theater or not. To the theory of communication with all the conditions it imposes on thinking, interaction, and emancipation of selves in different contexts.
Therefore, the current research included four chapters, the first chapter dealt with the research problem, which was represented in (the philosophy of sensory and physical communication in theatrical performance), and the first chapter included the importance of the research, its goal and its limits, and ended with defining the terminology, and the second chapter included (theoretical framework) the first topic (ph
This work involves hard photon rate production from quark -gluon plasma QGP interaction in heavy ion collision. Using a quantum chromodynamic model to investigate and calculation of photons rate in 𝑐𝑔 → 𝑠𝑔𝛾 system due to strength coupling, photons rate, temperature of system, flavor number and critical. The photons rate production computed using the perturbative strength models for QGP interactions. The strength coupling was function of temperature of system, flavor number and critical temperature. Its influenced by force with temperature of system, its increased with decreased the temperature and vice versa. The strength coupling has used to examine the confinement and deconfinement of quarks in QGP properties and inf
... Show MoreThe features of strategic thought transformation in Russia based on attempt confirm the Russian influenced on Region of Eastern Europe through series of common defense treaties and mutual security between USSR and another states this treaties emphasis size on direct Russian supervision on these states in addition, Russia in trusted to formation communism regimes in its vital space, Russia inherited the status of former USSR in political and economic levels.
Shortly we can see that Russia witnessed large Transformation in political strategic thought as a result of change in internal strategic environment and change of nature understanding which influenced on Russia. This
... Show MoreNumerous research studies have been conducted on why some learners acquire a second language more easily and quickly than others. Most of these studies have demonstrated that acquiring a second language does not depend only on learners’ cognitive ability or professional teaching strategies. The learning language process is more complicated than that. It is affected by crucial factors that are beyond the control of learners and teachers. These factors are known as sociolinguistic factors. These factors include culture, age, motivation, socio-economic status, and gender. This research paper mainly concentrates on the role of motivation in second language acquisition.
HR Al-Hamamy, KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, WS Abdulwahhab, Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2015 - Cited by 9
Technological advances have yielded new molecular biology-based methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The newest and most powerful molecular diagnostic tests are available at regional and national reference laboratories, as well as at specialized centers that are certified to conduct metagenomic testing. Metagenomic assays utilize advances in DNA extraction technology, DNA sequence library construction, high throughput DNA sequencing and automated data analysis to identify millions of individual strands of DNA extracted from clinical samples. At present, metagenomic assays are only possible at a small number of special research, academic and commercial laboratories. Continued research in human and path
... Show MoreAPDBN Rashid, 7th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences (7th ICOMUS), 2021
Colorectal cancer is the world's 3rd most frequent malignant neoplasm and the 4th most common cancer in Iraq. Leptin and Adiponectin are two major Adipocytokines produced by adipose cells that have opposite effects on the formation of colorectal tumors. Leptin induces tumor growth and metastasis, whereas Adiponectin inhibits it. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D controls and limits cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Vitamin C deficiency, on the other hand, has been regularly detected in cancer tissues and has potent anti-cancer properties. The purpose of this study was to look at the biochemical role of circulatory Adipocytokine levels (Adiponectin and Leptin) as well as the anti-cancer potentials of Vi
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